考研英語一閱讀理解練習試題及答案解析
在學習、工作生活中，許多人都需要跟練習題打交道，通過這些形形色色的習題，使得我們得以有機會認識事物的方方面面，認識概括化圖式多樣化的具體變式，從而使我們對原理和規律的認識更加的深入。那么問題來了，一份好的習題是什么樣的呢？下面是小編精心整理的考研英語一閱讀理解練習試題及答案解析，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
考研英語一閱讀理解練習試題及答案解析 1
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.
[B] New runways would be constructed.
[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.
[D] The fashion industry would decline.
【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined
【解析】 推斷題。根據France定位到文章前兩段，第一段講法國決定時裝業失去了定義(define)形體美(physical beauty)的絕對權力。法國的立法者通過了一項法律，雇用超瘦的模特屬于犯罪，議會也禁止網站通過推崇極端節食“鼓動過度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. 他們建議美麗不應該以傷害身體健康為代價的外表來界定�！庇纱丝芍▏ㄟ^立法手段來改變法國時裝業模特超瘦的現狀，即[A]項的“形體美將會被重新定義”，是對原文內容的合理推斷。[B]項“將會建造新的舞臺”，[C]項“有關節食的網站將會興起”，[D]項“時裝業將會衰退”，均不能從文中推測出來，屬于“無中生有”。
22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para 2) is closest in meaning to____
[A] heightening the value of.
[B] indicating the state of.
[C] losing faith in.
[D] doing harm to.
【答案】 [D] doing harm to
【解析】猜詞題。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 他們建議美麗不應該以 身體健康為代價的外表來界定�！眎mpinging on后面的賓語為“health”，即對健康的某種影響。根據第二段第三句“對超瘦模特的禁令似乎不僅僅是在防止模特挨餓致死——正如曾有人這么做過的”，可見法國目前的對美麗的定義導致了有人為了保持身材，挨餓致死，因此推測出這一短語在這里的意思為“侵犯，傷害”，[D]項“對……有害”正確。[A]項“增強了……的價值”，[B]項“反映了……的狀態”，[C]項“對……失去信心”均不符合句意。
23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
[A] The French measures have already failed.
[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.
[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.
[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.
【答案】 [B] New Standards are being set in Denmark
【解析】細節題。根據第五段第二句話“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion... 在丹麥，它正嘗試為模特設定自愿的標準……”，可知[B]項“在丹麥新的標準正在被設定”是對原文的同義替換。[A]項“法國的措施失敗了”;[C]項“不再有來自同行執法的壓力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，屬于“正反混淆”;[D]項“它固有的問題變得更嚴重了”，文中第五段只提及時裝業有固有的問題，并未提及“變得更嚴重”，屬于“無中生有”。
24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____
[A] setting a high age threshold for models.
[B] caring too much about models’ character.
[C] showing little concern for health factors.
[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.
【答案】 [C] showing little concern for health factors
【解析】推斷題。題設為“一個設計師很可能因為什么原因被CFW拒絕”，根據關鍵詞CFW可回到文中定位至倒數第二段，該段提到丹麥的時尚界就有關模特的年齡、健康及其他特性的內容達成一致意見，且一項新法案也明確規定，他們已經意識到時尚界對于人們尤其是年輕人的身體健康所帶來的影響，并且應該對此承擔責任，這一法規的執行方式就是拒絕一些設計師和模特經紀機構參加哥本哈根時裝周(CFW)。因此[C]項的“不關心健康因素”符合題意，為正確答案。[D]項“追求完美的身體狀況”，[B]項的“過多關注模特的性格”，[A]項“設定了一個模特高齡門檻”，均不符合題意。
25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France
[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
【解析】主旨題。本文從首段就開始闡述法國通過立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，時裝業已經失去了定義女性身體之美的絕對權力，且議會也禁止網站通過宣傳過度節食來強調過度消瘦。第二段繼續說明美麗不能只看外表，更不能以犧牲健康為代價，時裝業應該為傳遞給女性的不良信息負責。第三段說明女性不該讓他人來評判自己的美麗。第四段講法國的措施更多的是依靠嚴厲的懲罰。最后三段提到了丹麥與法國截然不同的措施。縱觀全文，文章主要在講各個國家對解決目前模特超瘦的現狀的措施，因此[D]項的“對時裝業身體典范的挑戰”是對原文的“高度概括”。
Text 2
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to
[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.
[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.
[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.
[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.
【答案】[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized
【解析】這是一道事實細節題，根據題干關鍵詞The Supreme Court回文定位到第一段的第二句話，“The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search for the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest”,一一比對選項，原文中的“police can search for the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant”與選項C “check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized”是同義替換，其他選項均是無關選項。
27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of
[A] disapproval.
[B] indifference.
[C] tolerance.
[D]cautiousness.
【答案】[A] disapproval
【解析】本題是觀點態度題，考察作者的態度。根據題干關鍵詞“California’s argument”，可以定位到文章第四段第一句“They should start by discarding California’s lame argument…”。由第四段第一句話中的“discard(拋棄)”和“lame(沒有說服力的)”可以看出作者對于California’s argument 是不支持的態度，因此選A。
28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
[A] getting into one’s residence.
[B] handling one’s historical records.
[C] scanning one’s correspondences.
[D] going through one’s wallet.
【答案】[A] getting into one’s residence
【解析】根據題干關鍵詞the author believes和“exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to”可回文定位到文章第四段第三句“But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home”，選項A語義與之一致，其中，getting into與entering對應，one’s residence與his or her home對應，故A選項為正確答案。
29. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.
[B] the court is giving police less room for action.
[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.
[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.
【答案】[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected
【解析】根據題干信息In paragraphs 5and 6定位第5段第一句話“Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy.及第6段最后一句話，...and they could take reasonable measures to.....，可推知作者的顧慮，因此答案為C.
30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that
[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.
[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.
[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.
[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered
【答案】[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
【解析】這是一道例證題，根據題干關鍵詞Orin Kerr可以回文定位到文章最后一段。作者引用Orin Kerr這個人的比較是為了說明相關的論點。分析最后一段結構可知，最后一段的第三句和第四句都是在闡述該例子本身，所以相關論點應該往前面找，即是第二句話，“New，disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protection”,選項A與之同義替換，其中，be implemented和applications對應，novel和flexibly對應。
Text 3
“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with
[A] tolerance
[B] skepticism
[C] uncertainty
[D] approval
【答案】[B]
【解析】觀點態度題。題干問的是作者對有關CSR方面Milton Friedman的說法是什么態度。根據信號詞Milton Friedman這個人定位到首段。注意題干問的是作者的看法，因此定位到第二句but轉折處。But后句子的主干為：things may not be absolutely clear-cut，可見作者對Milton Friedman所說的內容并不完全贊同，故選擇答案[B]項懷疑。[A]項容忍，[C]項不確定，[D]項贊同，這三項均不是作者的態度，故排除。
32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by
[A] winning trust from consumers.
[B] guarding it against malpractices.
[C] protecting it from being defamed.
[D] raising the quality of its products.
【答案】[A]
【解析】細節題。根據題干中的出處提示“Paragraph 2”定位到第二段第二句：This could add value to their businesses in three ways. This指的是CSR，根據接下來講到的三點：第一點是，消費者認為這樣的公司產品質量比較高;第二點是，顧客更愿意購買這樣公司的產品;第三點是，通過一個更為廣泛的“暈輪效應”，消費者會更多地考慮這樣的公司的產品�？芍�，有CSR支出的公司會吸引更多的消費者，[A]項“贏得消費者的信任”，是對整個三點的總結，故為正確答案。[B]項 防止公司里的玩忽職守，[C]項 保護公司免受毀謗，[D]項 提升公司產品的質量，均在原文中未提及，故排除。
33. The expression “more lenient’ (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to
[A] more effective
[B] less controversial
[C] less severe
[D] more lasting
【答案】[C]
【解析】猜詞題。根據題干中的出處提示“line 2, para. 4”及信號詞“more lenient”定位到原文中的第四段第一句：The study found that...penalties。明顯此句中more lenient 修飾 penalties(懲罰) ，要想推測出more lenient的含義，需要知道被起訴的公司中，那些有著全面的CSR項目的公司和penalties 之間的聯系。本項在第五段的最后一句最容易被看出來，第五段最后一句提到那些在CSR有較大投資的公司，當被起訴有賄賂行為時，所受到的罰金要比通常的罰金低40%左右，可知這樣的公司會受到較輕的懲罰，故more lenient是較輕，即較不嚴重的意思，故選[C]項。[A]項 更有效的，[B]項 較少有爭議的，[D]項 更持久的，這三項均不是more lenient的意思，故排除。
34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record
[A] has an impact on their decision.
[B] comes across as reliable evidence.
[C] increases the chance of being penalized.
[D] constitutes part of the investigation.
【答案】[A]
【解析】細節題。題干問的是 CSR record 與 prosecutors evaluate a case 的`關系，根據題干中的信號詞prosecutors evaluate a case可回文中定位到第五段第一句：In all...in CSR。這里的be influenced與[A]項 has an impact 對應，即一個公司的CSR會影響檢察官對其案件的評估，故選[A]項。[B]項被檢察官認為是可靠的證據，[C]項 增加了被懲罰的機會，[D]項 構成了調查的一部分，這三項均在原文中沒有提及，故排除。
35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?
[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.
[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.
[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.
[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.
【答案】[B]
【解析】判斷題題干問的是根據最后一段，有關CSR的論述哪個是對的。定位到原文最后一段，根據其內容可知“研究人員承認到其研究沒有回答如下問題：公司應該在CSR方面花費多少錢”。[B]項的意思是“公司在CSR方面的花費是未知的”，屬于原文的同義替換，故正確。[A]項 CSR對公司的負面影響經常被忽視，[C]項 公司對CSR的經濟承擔力被過高估計了，[D]項 CSR給銀行業帶來了很多好處，這三項在文中均為提及，故排除。
Text 4
Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.
Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .
As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.
In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.
In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.
The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.
36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by
[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.
[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.
[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.
【答案】[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
【解析】通過題干可以將此題鎖定在前兩段。第一段指出Elisabeth談到了“我們很多機構都面臨著令人沮喪的正直感的喪失”。接下來第二句指出這種正直感的喪失是因為大家普遍認為社會中唯一的分類機制(sorting mechanism)應該是利益和市場。而從第一段最后一句我們看出，她認為“應該是我們人類自己創造我們想要的社會，而不應該是利益”。可見，Elisabeth很不認可目前的這種分類機制(sorting mechanism)以及所造成的不良后果，這也正是她感到沮喪的原因。故A選項consequence of the current sorting mechanism(目前這種分類機制的后果)是真正讓她沮喪的原因。
37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that
[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime
[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.
[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.
[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.
【答案】[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
【解析】第三段第一句指出，Andy Coulson因為參與手機黑客案件被裁定有罪，然而他的前任卻被認定是無罪的。通過這一事件，作者得出由此造成的道德淪喪廣泛問題依然存在(the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands)。即仍然存在一些人沒有被裁定有罪。接著文章指出了在新聞業中，已經有記者被認定非法侵入用戶手機。而還有一些在等待審判(others await trial)，由此可以推出，將會有更多的記者因為涉及手機黑客案件而被裁定有罪。故正確答案為選項B。
38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference
[A] revealed a cunning personality
[B] centered on trivial issues
[C] was hardly convincing
[D] was part of a conspiracy
【答案】[C] was hardly convincing
【解析】根據題干中的“defence”可以回文定位到文章第四段最后一句話。該句指出Ms. Brooks辯護成功的關鍵在于她對這個事件一無所知(she knew nothing)。而作者在該段第一句話中指出，道德喪失不僅體現在普遍存在的手機黑客這一事實上，更體現在一些審判案件所使用的條款上，其中最震驚的就是對Ms. Brooks的審判�？梢姡髡邔υ摪傅膶徟谐址穸☉B度。因此，認為她的辯護是不可信的。故正確答案為C。
39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows
[A] generally distorted values
[B] unfair wealth distribution
[C] a marginalized lifestyle
[D] a rigid moral cote
【答案】[A] (generally distorted values)
【解析】通過題干中的“collective doctrine”可以直接定位到文中第五段第三行。該句指出“collective doctrine”是社會的分類機制應該是利益。接下來可以看出，那些真正起作用的是那些表示利益的詞“efficiency，flexibility，shareholder value，business-friendly，wealth generation…”，而表示公平、正義的詞(Justice，fairness，tolerance…)則被置于邊緣。可見，這種教義(collective doctrine)只關注利益，而忽略了公平與正義，這顯然是一種扭曲的價值觀。故A選項正確。
40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?
[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.
[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.
[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.
[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.
【答案】[C] moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper
【解析】這是一道開放式推理題。作者在最后一段前兩句話指出，新聞報道的目的不是為了促進讀者的理解，也不是為了追求公平或者違背人類共有的人性，而是通過追求發行量的影響率來破壞人們的生活。即文章從一開始指出的一個問題，為了追求利益而造成了正值感的喪失。從“ruin”一詞可以看出，作者對新聞記者的這一行為持否定的態度。并且通過Ms. Brooks女士的行為加以佐證。作者通過正話反說的方式，突出新聞報道過程中正值感的重要性。故正確答案為C，moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper(在新聞報道中，道德意識很重要)，其中moral awareness和integrity是同義互換。
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
[A] Create a new image of yourself
[B] Decide if the time is right
[C] Have confidence in yourself
[D] Understand the context
[E] Work with professionals
[F] Know your goals
[G] Make it efficient
No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in fast impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.
The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems , face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
41_________________
As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.
【答案】[B]
【解析】此段第一句話主句里面說“在過渡的階段提升自我形象尤其有用”。第二句和第三、四句分別展開說明，第二句表明：如果你處在變動的時期或者感覺需要變動，那么可能這可能是一個好的時機。相反，第三、四句話表示：如果不確定的話，就需要得到別人的反饋了，也許無需提升。故整段的意思是說要先確定是否現在是提升自我形象的正確時機。故答案為[B]項。
42.__________________
Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)
【答案】[F]
【解析】此段中心句即第一句話，表明“要清楚你想要的結果或影響”。其實就是你想要的目標。緊接著開始解釋，提到比如，你是否想要更新你的形象?那么，對于一個人來講，這個目標可能是要變得嚴肅些或者要加強專業的形象。對于其他人，這個目標可能是要變得更平易近人，或者是更現代化、更時尚。對于那些要從金融轉到廣告的，他們可能得看起來更“SOHO”�？梢娬味荚谥v目標，[F]項中的“goal”與之對應，故為答案。
43.____________________
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand te cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.
【答案】[D]
【解析】本段主要闡述的內容是要觀察你的工作環境，認清環境中的標準，并且最后一句說你對周圍的文化環境理解得越清晰，你越能控制你的影響�？芍径沃饕褪钦f要理解周圍的環境，故選[D]項。
44._____________________
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.
【答案】[E]
【解析】本段第一句提到：要獲得專家的支持，和他們分享你的目標和周圍環境，后面又提到可以雇傭造型師、攝影師等等，可見本段主要講的就是征詢專家的意見、和專家合作，故選[E]項。
45_____________________
The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time excessing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes …. once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.
【答案】[G]
【解析】此段第二句句首出現instead，這種轉折連詞后面往往是作者要表述的重要內容。該句講的是“最好是將形象升級當作是減少決定疲勞的機會”，即減少做決定，緊接著提到“選取一套標準的工作服或幾個其他的選擇。和造型師一起把衣服一下子都買了，而不是一個人購買，或者一次只買一件”。這些提到的都是要有效率。故選[G]項。
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese .You translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEKT. (10 points)
Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy ;it it built into us that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we dont understand the value of mental health and we dont know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.
Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem - confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives - the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles ,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for soving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful,managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature,in culture,in the flow of our daily lives.
(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong,good from bad,friend from foe.Mental health has commonly been called conscience,instinct,wisdom,common sense,or the inner voice.We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought .(50) As you will come to see ,knowing that mental heath is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.
46. We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.
【句子結構】此句中分號連接了兩個并列句。第一個句子中how to be mentally healthy作learn的賓語。第二個句子主干是it is built into us，in the same way引導狀語從句說明built into us的方式，that引導定語從句修飾way，其中定語從句中how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone作know的賓語。
【參考譯文】我們無需刻意去學習怎樣才能讓心理健康;它正如我們的身體知道怎樣愈合傷口和修復骨折一樣，是根植于我們體內的/是我們與生俱來的能力。
47. Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.
【句子結構】此句中分號連接了兩個并列句。第一個句子是簡單句，第二個句子中，like the sun behind a cloud是狀語，but連接兩個轉折關系的并列分句，在翻譯時要注意be hidden from和be capable of的被動語態的翻譯方法。
【參考譯文】我們的心理健康并不是真的消失不見;就像云朵背后的太陽，它也許暫時被遮擋，但是它也可以在瞬間重煥光芒。
48. Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.
【句子結構】該句主干是Mental health allows us to view others，三個并列with引導的介詞短語做狀語，前兩個with引導的狀語中各包含一個if引導的條件狀語從句，最后一個with狀語中包含一個no matter引導的讓步狀語從句。
【參考譯文】心理健康使我們在他人遇到麻煩時給予同情，在他人痛苦時心存善意，而且無論對方是誰都會給予無條件的關愛。
49. Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.
【句子結構】本題有一個由although引導的讓步狀語從句，as引導的原因狀語從句，以及that引導的賓語從句構成。此處“mental health”若是翻譯成心理健康與下文連接，則不符合中文表達習慣，又因mental本身與智力相關，所以將其翻譯成“健康的心智”;此外“perfectly ordinary”可以正譯，譯為“非常普遍”，本譯文采取正話反說的方式，譯為“并不稀奇”。“difficult decisions”若翻譯為“困難的決定”，不符合中文的表達方式，所以將decision，名詞譯為動詞“做決定”。
【參考譯文】盡管擁有健康的心智是我們生活中的萬能藥，但它并不稀奇，你會發現在你難以做決定時，它一直在指引著你。
50. As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.
【句子結構】該句由as引導的定語從句，that引導的賓語從句組成，并且考察代詞“it”。“see”在該句中是“了解”而不是“看到”的意思，前后的knowing可合并翻譯;“available”本意“可得到的”，該句中意譯為“一直存在的”。
【參考譯文】你會慢慢理解到，明白健康的心智會一直存在，并且堅信這一點，那么此刻我們就可以放慢生活節奏，快樂地生活。
考研英語一閱讀理解練習試題及答案解析 2
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
One morning, a few years ago, Harvard President Neil Rudenstine overslept. 1）Only after a three-month sabbatical ― during which he read essayist Lewis Thomas, listened to Ravel and walked with his wife on a Caribbean beach― was he able to return to his post. That week, his picture was on the cover of Newsweek magazine beside the banner headline “Exhausted!”
In the relentless busyness of modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. I speak with people in business and education, doctors and day-care workers, shopkeepers and social workers, parents and teachers, nurses and lawyers, students and therapists, community activist and cooks. Remarkably, there is a universal refrain: “I am so busy”. The more our life speeds up, the more we feel weary, overwhelmed and lost.
2) Instead, the whole experience of being alive begins to melt into one enormous obligation. It becomes the standard greeting everywhere: “I am so busy”.
We say this to one another with no small degree of pride. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, to be unable to find time for the sunset (or even to know that the sun has set at all), to whiz through our obligations without time for a single mindful breath ― this has become the model of a successful life.
Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We lose the nourishment that gives us succor. We miss the quiet that gives us wisdom. Poisoned by the hypnotic belief that good things come only through tireless effort, we never truly rest.
This is not the world we dreamed of when we were young. How did we get so terribly rushed in a world saturated with work and responsibility, yet somehow bereft of joy and delight?
We have forgotten the Sabbath.
3）It is time to be nourished and refreshed as we let our work, our chores and our important projects lie fallow, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world when we are at rest.
If certain plant species do not lie dormant during winter, the plant begins to die off. 4）
So “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply a lifestyle suggestion. It is a commandment, an ethical precept as serious as prohibitions against killing, stealing and lying.
Sabbath is more than the absence of work. Many of us, in our desperate drive to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, feel terrible guilt when we take time to rest. But the Sabbath has proven its wisdom over the ages. Many of us still recall when not long ago, shops and offices where closed on Sundays. Those quiet Sunday afternoons are embedded in our cultural memory.
Much of modern life is specifically designed to seduce our attention away from rest. When we are in the world with our eyes wide open, the seductions are insatiable.5）For those of us with children, there are endless soccer practices, baseball games, homework, laundry, housecleaning, errands. Every responsibility, every stimulus competes for our attention: Buy me .Do me. Watch me. Try me. Drink me. It is as if we have inadvertently stumbled into some horrific wonderland.
�。跘］Rest is not just a psychological convenience; it is a biological necessity.
［B］After years of non-stop toil in an atmosphere that rewarded frantic overwork, Rudenstine collapsed.
［C］Hundreds of channels of cable and satellite television; phones with multiple lines and call-waiting. begging us to talk to more than one person at a time; mail, e-mail and overnight mail, fax machines; billboards; magazines; newspapers; radio.
�。跠］Sometimes you can have a rest on Sundays. But your heart and soul is no longer quiet.
�。跡］Sabbath is the time that consecrated to enjoy and celebrate what is beautiful and good ― time to light candles, sing songs, worship, tell stories, bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, nap, walk and even make love.
�。跢］Once upon a time. Sabbath is our heaven. We often walk in the green parks with friends or have a picnic lunch with the family. Listening to the birds on the tree makes me feel peaceful. But whatever happened to Sunday now?
［G］Today our life and work rarely feel light, pleasant or healing.
答案及詳解
1.B。通讀全文，不難掌握大意，作者試圖回答一個人人都困惑的問題“我們的休息日，我們舒適的，輕松的生活哪里去了”。本文用哈佛大學校長的例子作引，空白處下首的句子意為“在三個月休假后，他才能重新工作”說明空白處的句子依然談論的是校長當時疲憊的狀況，因此選項B符合要求。
2.G。第三段段首空出，而下句用一個Instead連接說明上下文是轉折關系，而同時我們結合第二段來分析，第二段主要說明現在的人，不管職業、年齡、身份，都整日處于奔波勞碌中，所以起到承上啟下作用的選項G是最佳選擇。
3.E。上文是單句段“我們已經將禮拜日塵封腦后了”，而下文則提出“家務事和重要規劃暫且擱在一邊，讓我們好好享受”承接前文，后面順理成章的回憶了禮拜日快樂的時光，最后振臂高呼“讓我們好好享受吧”可見，空白處是關于對以往快樂禮拜日的重現，所以，運用了一系列排比句子的選項E很貼切，有極強的感染力。
4.A。 此處答案較為簡單，從上下文看都有很明顯的暗示，而選項A“休息不僅是心理上的舒適也是生理上的必需”，不但能夠前后呼應，而且渾然一體，邏輯十分嚴密。
5.C。 從上文“我們的欲望是無窮無盡的”下面列舉了一系列的娛樂方式，如電視、電話、郵件、傳真等等，意在渲染強烈的感情色彩，以證明“無窮無盡”的論點，所以選項C為正確答案。
中心思想
本文引用哈佛大學的校長的.例子展開全文，指出現在人們的生活越來越乏味，工作越來越忙，時間越來越不夠用，總是處于疲于奔命的狀態，原本輕松，愉快的休息日早已銷聲匿跡了，面對越來越快的生活節奏，越來越多的娛樂活動，我們反而再也找不到往昔的歡樂，逐漸地在物欲橫流的叫囂聲中迷失了自我。
考研英語一閱讀理解練習試題及答案解析 3
The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems， and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week： “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”
Ever since the war， the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success： Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university， a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south， and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.
The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north， however. With nearly 100 percent employment， everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.
The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population， but they are an important part of it， because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.
1.The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to
[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.
[B] slow down the rate of its development.
[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.
[D] develop more quickly than at present.
2.The Norwegian Government has tried to
[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.
[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.
[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.
[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.
3.According to the passage， the oil industry might lead northern Norway to
[A] the development of industry.
[B] a growth in population.
[C] the failure of the development programme.
[D] the development of new towns.
4.In the south， one effect to the development of the oil industry might be
[A] a large reduction on unemployment.
[B] a growth in the tourist industry.
[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.
[D] the development of a number of service industries.
5.Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because
[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.
[B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.
[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.
[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.
Vocabulary
1.Norwegian 挪威的;挪威人
2.coastline 海岸線
3.recognition 承認;認識;贊賞
4.countryside 鄉下;鄉民
難句譯注
1.A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.
【結構簡析】用兩個分號連接三句句子。
【參考譯文】一條新的法律限制人們僅在長長的海岸線南端以南地區進行勘探考察;規定了石油生產限量(雖然已提高);石油公司雇傭外國工人不許超出限定額。
2.With nearly 100 percent employment， everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry.
【參考譯文】由于將近百分之一百就業率，每個人都能看出形式發展中服務行業和旅游行業的大部分工人會跑到石油工業方面去。
3.Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population， but they are an important part of it， because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian.
【結構簡析】復合句。在because狀語從句中that是定語從句修飾qualities.
【參考譯文】雖然農民和漁民并不占人口的絕大多數，可是他們都是人口的重要組成不分，因為挪威人在他們身上看到許多他們自豪地認為是挪威人的基本品質。
寫作方法與文章大意
文章論述“挪威政府意欲控制石油工業”。采用對比寫法。先提出政府新政策的種種限制。但石油工業有辦法對付。人們都認為限制難以長久。其次講述，從戰時起，挪威政府一直執行開發北極圈北部地區的發展規劃，也取得成功。但石油工業已經開始向南方進軍，北方政策可能會失敗。石油工業之影響超出北方，有些企業縮小，減少。最后一段是講爭論的焦點：石油對挪威生活方式構成了威脅，具體表現在對挪威理想的代表――漁民和農民的威脅。
答案詳解
1.B 減慢發展速率。文章開始就闡明挪威政府正竭盡全力把石油工業控制起來，制定新法律來限制勘探開采，限制產量，限制雇傭外國工人人數。
A. 為外國工人提供更多的工作。C.賣掉正在國外生產的石油。D.比現在發展更快。
2.D 使石油工業保持在接近現在的規模。
A. 鼓勵石油公司去發現新石油資源。B.制止石油公司雇傭來自挪威北方的'人。C.幫助石油公司解決許多問題。
3.C 發展規劃的失敗。這在第二段最后一句：“可是石油工業已經開始把人們吸引到南方去，所以不出幾年，整個北方政策可能成泡影。”
A.工業發展。B.人口增長。D.新城市的發展。文內沒有涉及。
4.C 現存工業數的減少。第三段開始“可是石油工業的影響并不僅僅限于北方。近百分之一百的就業率，使每個人都見到發展的勢頭，服務業和旅游業的好多工人轉向石油工業。某些較小的工業，在從國外購進貨物更便宜的情況下，很可能會全部消失�！边@說明工業數減少。
A.大大減少失業。B.旅游行業增長。D.許多服務公司發展。文內沒有提。
5.B 他們的生活和價值代表了挪威人的理想。
A.他們組成了那么大一部分挪威理想。C.他們的工作對挪威社會的其他方面非常有用。D.他們認為石油是對挪威生活方式的威脅。最后一段第一句話：“對石油真正的爭論點是它對挪威生活方式的一種威脅。”并不是他們認為威脅。
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