美國(guó)感恩節(jié)由來(lái)英文版
每逢感恩節(jié)這一天，美國(guó)舉國(guó)上下熱鬧非凡，人們按照習(xí)俗前往教堂做感恩祈禱，城鄉(xiāng)市鎮(zhèn)到處舉行化裝游行、戲劇表演和體育比賽等，學(xué)校和商店也都按規(guī)定放假休息。孩子們還模仿當(dāng)年印第安人的模樣穿上離奇古怪的服裝，畫(huà)上臉譜或戴上面具到街上唱歌、吹喇叭。在外國(guó)“感恩節(jié)”和中國(guó)的春節(jié)一樣重要!
【美國(guó)感恩節(jié)的由來(lái)英文版】
Thanksgiving Day, as celebrated in No rth America, is a time to gather with family and friends to give thanks for the many blessings enjoyed by these nations and their citizens. However, to many people, its meaning is lost.
It has become simply another day fo r huge meals, dinner parties, get-togethers o r reunions. What does Thanksgiving mean to you?
Turkey dinners, cranberries, candied yams, stuffing, mashed potatoes, pumpkin pie and family gatherings—these are all commonly associated with most Americans and Canadians yearly celebration of giving thanks—Thanksgiving Day!
In the United States, Thanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday of November.
In Canada, it is the second Monday in October. On this holiday, a Thanksgiving meal is prepared with all the trimmings; families gather together and talk, while others watch a game or a parade filled with pilgrims, Indians and other colonial figures. Some families may even have their own yearly Thanksgiving traditions.
What comes to mind when you think of Thanksgiving? Do you picture a time of thankfulness towards God—o r is it merely one of eating, partying o r watching football?
Sadly, the latter is what Thanksgiving has become to most. They have fo rgotten why the day was established.
Its meaning has slowly deterio rated, and is now almost completely lost under a cloud of media hype, sales pitches, marketing tactics and blitz commercialism.
While many are familiar with the traditional representation of the o riginal Thanksgiving, it is helpful to examine the purpose for which it was first celebrated. By doing this, the days meaning will be firmly established.
【感恩節(jié)相關(guān)介紹】
Football 橄欖球賽
Thanksgiving is ruled by two very powerful f-words: "food" and "football."
Nearly as old as the sport itself, the tradition of watching football on Thanksgiving began in 1876, when the newly formed American Intercollegiate Football Association held its first championship game.
Less than a decade later, more than 5,000 club, college and high school football teams held games on Thanksgiving, with match-ups between Princeton and Yale drawing more than 40,000 fans out from their dining rooms. 1934 marked the first NFL game held on Thanksgiving when the Detroit Lions took on the Chicago Bears.
The Lions have played on Thanksgiving ever since — except, of course, when the team was called away to serve during World War II.
感恩節(jié)是由兩個(gè)F開(kāi)頭的字組成的：食物food和橄欖球football。從1876年、美國(guó)橄欖球聯(lián)盟開(kāi)始舉辦首屆聯(lián)賽開(kāi)始，在感恩節(jié)就有看橄欖球賽的傳統(tǒng)——幾乎和這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)本身的歷史一樣長(zhǎng)。
其后不到十年的時(shí)間內(nèi)，更有超過(guò)5000所俱樂(lè)部、大學(xué)和高中的橄欖球隊(duì)在這一天舉行比賽。
其中普林斯頓和耶魯?shù)谋荣惛俏顺^(guò)4萬(wàn)名球迷到場(chǎng)觀看。1934年，超級(jí)碗首次在伽嫩屆當(dāng)天舉行比賽，那天是由底特律雄獅對(duì)陣芝加哥熊。雄獅隊(duì)自此每遇感恩節(jié)都有比賽——除了二戰(zhàn)期間隊(duì)員們服役才中斷過(guò)。
Franklin D. Roosevelt 福蘭克林·D·羅斯福
FDR learned the hard way not to mess with some traditions. In 1939, the President declared that Americans should celebrate the annual feast one week early, hoping the decision would spur retail sales during the Great Depression. But Americans did not react kindly to the New Deal meal.
Some took to the streets while others took to name-calling; the mayor of Atlantic City solved the controversy by declaring his residents would simply enjoy two meals — Thanksgiving and "Franksgiving."
After two years of squabbling (or gobbling, as it were), Congress adopted a resolution in 1941 setting the fourth Thursday of November as the legal holiday.
福蘭克林·羅斯福總統(tǒng)可是吃了點(diǎn)兒虧才學(xué)會(huì)有些傳統(tǒng)改不得。1939年，這位總統(tǒng)閣下宣布美國(guó)應(yīng)該提前一周過(guò)感恩節(jié)，希望此舉能夠刺激大蕭條中的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)。
哪知美國(guó)人民不買(mǎi)他的賬：有的上街游行抗議、有的玩起了文字游戲。大西洋城的市長(zhǎng)就宣稱(chēng)，他家會(huì)過(guò)兩個(gè)節(jié)：“感恩節(jié)”和“福蘭克恩節(jié)”。
在經(jīng)過(guò)整整兩年的爭(zhēng)論(或者根本就是斗嘴)之后，國(guó)會(huì)終于妥協(xié)，在1941年將感恩節(jié)法定假日定在了11月的第四個(gè)星期四。
"Mary Had a Little Lamb" 瑪麗有只小羊羔
The woman who wrote the classic nursery rhyme "Mary Had a Little Lamb" also played an integral role in making Thanksgiving a national holiday.
After a 17-year letter-writing campaign, magazine editor Sarah Josepha Hale finally convinced President Abraham Lincoln to issue an 1863 decree recognizing the historic tradition.
Sarah Josepha Hale，這位寫(xiě)下傳世詩(shī)句《瑪麗有只小羊羔》的女性在為感恩節(jié)爭(zhēng)取法定中也扮演了重要一角兒。
1863年，當(dāng)時(shí)作為雜志編輯的她在經(jīng)過(guò)了長(zhǎng)達(dá)17年的寫(xiě)信呼吁之后，總統(tǒng)林肯終于頒發(fā)文件承認(rèn)了感恩節(jié)這一傳統(tǒng)假日。
Westminster Abbey 西敏寺
In 1942, London's Westminster Abbey held Thanksgiving services for U.S. troops stationed in England.
More than 3,500 soldiers filled the church's pews to sing America, the Beautiful and The Star-Spangled Banner — the first time in the church's 900-year history that a foreign army was invited to take over the grounds.
It was an ironic gesture given the holiday's origins as a festival for pilgrims fleeing religious tyranny in Britain.
1942年，為表彰美國(guó)軍隊(duì)保護(hù)英國(guó)，倫敦西敏寺為美國(guó)軍人舉行了感恩節(jié)宴會(huì)。當(dāng)時(shí)有超過(guò)3500人到場(chǎng)，齊唱“美麗的美國(guó)和星條旗”——這是這座教堂900年來(lái)第一次邀請(qǐng)外國(guó)軍隊(duì)駐足。
諷刺的是，這個(gè)節(jié)日的緣由正是因?yàn)楫?dāng)年遷徙到美國(guó)的清教徒們?cè)谟?guó)受到宗教迫害。
Pardon 赦免
The annual White House tradition of pardoning a turkey before Thanksgiving began in 1947, when President Harry Truman took pity on one lucky fowl.
Other historians say the practice began during the 1860s, when Abraham Lincoln granted a pardon to a pet turkey belonging to his son, Tad.
The tradition may alleviate some of America's guilt, but it doesn't stop us from slaughtering more than 46 million turkeys for the holiday.
Even so, as Alaska Governor Sarah Palin proved during a recent interview in her hometown, Americans prefer public acts of mercy to massacres.
感恩節(jié)前，由總統(tǒng)在白宮“赦免”一只火雞的傳統(tǒng)始于1947年，當(dāng)時(shí)是由杜魯門(mén)總統(tǒng)放生了一只幸運(yùn)的火雞。
還有一些歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為這一傳統(tǒng)起源于1860年，林肯總統(tǒng)釋放了一只由他兒子養(yǎng)的寵物火雞。
這一傳統(tǒng)也許減輕了某些美國(guó)人的負(fù)罪感，但仍舊無(wú)法湮滅我們一年吃掉460萬(wàn)只火雞的事實(shí)。
即便如此，就如阿拉斯加議員Sarah Palin在最近一次采訪中提到的那樣：相對(duì)于大屠殺，美國(guó)人還是更喜歡公眾場(chǎng)合的慈善行為。
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