托福閱讀長難句解析
引導(dǎo)語：托福閱讀長難句解析，由應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)整理而成，謝謝您的閱讀。
長難句解析一
In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)
大家先自己理解，多想想，先別看解析，看不明白，再看下面的解析。
(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )
老邪分析：一個句子重點在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。以下主干為句子中紅色部分，括號里均是修飾成分。
修飾一：(In order for the structure)，介詞短語
修飾二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非謂語做形容詞性修飾structure
修飾三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入語，插入語記得先跳過去，斷句別出問題，that和have changed是在一起的。
(老師，啥叫插入語?嗯，好問題，改天我專門講講這些概念。上過課并認真聽的同學(xué)，你懂的。)
修飾四：(that have changed little sincepeople first discovered them.從句修飾support
修飾五：(even while building materials have changed dramatically. )，從句
括號外面的是主干：architectureemploys methods of support，注意support這里是名詞。
長難句解析二
Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes. (44, OG)
voluminous/və'lʊmənəs/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 寬松的, 肥大的;
drapery/'drepəri/n.布料
wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔術(shù)師用的)魔杖
costume/'kɑstum/ n. 服裝, 服裝式樣
Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).
分析：
修飾一：(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore)，從句，修飾dance，大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)這里還有一個從句哦。
中文：專注于燈光的變換和她所穿寬松的裙子或布料顏色
修飾二：(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms)，從句，修飾前面skirts or draperies，其實是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…
中文：她主要通過手臂的移動使裙子或布料保持連續(xù)的移動
修飾三：(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes)，非謂語動詞，修飾arms。主要這里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修飾wands
中文：有時候手臂由于隱藏在衣服下面的手杖而變長
主干：括號外面的，F(xiàn)ullerdevised a type of dance
參考翻譯：Fuller設(shè)計了一種(專注于燈光的變換和她所穿寬松的裙子或布料顏色)的舞蹈，在舞蹈中，她主要通過手臂的移動使裙子或布料保持連續(xù)的移動，有時候手臂由于隱藏在衣服下面的手杖而變長。
長難句解析三
Her dancing also attracted the attention of French poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit, and their efforts to synthesize form and content. (57, OG)
appeal v.懇求，呼吁;(對某人)有吸引力~to sb; (使某人)感興趣;上訴
for one’s sake為了…的緣故
synthesize/ˈsɪnθɪˌsaɪz/v. 合成，綜合
這里是分界線，先自己分析哦。
Her dancing also attracted the attention (of French poets and painters) (of the period), (for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, (a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),and their efforts to synthesize form and content.)
老邪分析：
修飾一：(of French poets and painters)，介詞短語，修飾the attention。大家注意英文喜歡把修飾成分放在后面，這個很重要。
中文：法國詩人和花季。
修飾二：(of the period) ，介詞短語，修飾French poets and painters，也是放在后面哦。
修飾三：(a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit)，同位語，用來解釋說明前面的belief，這個同位語語放在這里分割了原句，大家斷句的時候要注意。
中文：一個19世紀的思想：藝術(shù)本身比它所帶來的道德或教育利益更有價值。
修飾四：(for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake , and their efforts to synthesize formand content.)，從句，表示原因，大家注意我把同位語去掉了(因為不重要)，這樣更能看清重要內(nèi)容。這里有一個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，是一個A, B, and C結(jié)構(gòu)，不知道大家在看的時候有沒有看出來，A= their liking for mystery，B= their belief in art for art’ssake，C= their efforts to synthesize form and content，插入語解釋B。
中文：因為它吸引了他們對于神秘的喜好、他們?yōu)樗囆g(shù)而藝術(shù)的信仰以及他們把形式和內(nèi)容融合到一起所作的努力
主干：括號外面的，Her dancing also attracted the attention
參考翻譯：
她的舞蹈還吸引了當(dāng)時法國一些詩人和畫家的注意，因為它吸引了他們對于神秘的喜好、他們?yōu)樗囆g(shù)而藝術(shù)的信仰(這是一個19世紀的思想：藝術(shù)本身比它所帶來的道德或教育利益更有價值)以及他們把形式和內(nèi)容融合到一起所作的努力。
長難句解析四
he ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice—which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles—and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (53, OG)
penetrate /'penɪtreɪt/ v. 進入或穿過某物;充滿，遍布
compact /kəm'pækt/ v. 將(某物)緊壓在一起
我是分界線，先自己分析哦。
The ice shelf cores, (with a total length of 215 meters(705 feet)),were long enough (to penetrate through glacial ice)—(which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles)—and (to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice) (formed from seawater)(tha tfreezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. )
分析：
大家可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，我把句子拆短了之后，就容易理解多了。請大家仔細看我的分析。
修飾一： (with a total length of 215 meters(705 feet))，介詞短語，修飾the iceshelf cores，修飾成分一般放后面哦
中文：總長為215米(705英尺)
修飾二：(to penetrate through glacial ice)，非謂語動詞
中文：穿透冰川冰
修飾三：(which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles)，從句，修飾glacial ice，修飾成分一般放后面哦
中文：由壓縮的雪形成的并包含氣泡
修飾四：(to continue into the clear,bubble-free ice)，非謂語動詞
中文：繼續(xù)進入清澈的、沒有氣泡的冰
修飾五：(formed from seawater) ，非謂語動詞，修飾the clear, bubble-free ice
中文：由海水形成
修飾六：(that freezes onto the bottom ofthe glacial ice.) ，從句，修飾seawater
中文：凝固在冰川冰底部
主干：括號外面的，The iceshelf cores were long enough，主和謂語中間被解詞短語with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet)隔開了，大家要注意
參考翻譯：
總長為215米(705英尺)的冰架核已足以穿透(由壓縮的雪形成的并包含氣泡)的冰川冰，隨后穿透清澈的、沒有氣泡的冰，這些冰是由凝固在冰川冰底部的海水形成的。
長難句解析五
Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. (46, TPO5)
maroon /mə'ruːn/ v. 放逐到無人島上，使孤立
adrift /ə'drɪft/ adj. 漂流的，漂泊的
feat /fiːt/ n. 功績，偉業(yè)
deliberate /dɪ'lɪbərət/ adj. 故意的，刻意的
set out 從某地出發(fā)
stock v. 貯備，貯存
domesticate /də'mɛstɪket/ v. 馴養(yǎng)(動物等)
我是分界線，先自己分析哦。
Contrary to the arguments of some (that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift), it seems reasonable (that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions (that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. ) )
分析：
修飾一：(that much of thepacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift)，從句，修飾arguments
中文：波利尼西亞人是在偶爾迷失和漂流被困住而定居在大部分太平洋地區(qū)
修飾二：在上一個從句里還有一個省略的從句(after being lost and adrift) =(after Polynesians were lost and adrift)
修飾三：(that set outfully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. )，從句，修飾expeditions，注意這里(fully stocked with food and domesticated plants andanimals. )，非謂語動詞修飾set out
中文：出發(fā)時充分貯存了食物和被馴化動植物
主干：大家注意，(that this feat wasaccomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stockedwith food and domesticated plants and animals.)， it seems reasonable中的 it指代這個從句，真正的主語是這個從句
參考翻譯：
和某些人的觀點相反，這些觀點認為波利尼西亞人是在偶爾迷失和漂流被困住而定居在大部分太平洋地區(qū)，另外一種觀點似乎更加合理，認為這些功績是通過故意的并且出發(fā)時充分貯存了食物和被馴化動植物的殖民探險來實現(xiàn)的。
長難句解析六
For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified--as during wartime--are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively. (45, OG)
aggression n. 侵略
justified adj. 合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
unjust adj. 不公正的，不公平的
我是分界線，先自己分析哦。
For example, people (who believe that aggression is necessary and justified--as during wartime--) are likely to act aggressively, whereas people (who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust), or (who think that aggression is never justified), are less likely to behave aggressively.
分析：
修飾一：(who believe that aggression is necessary and justified--as during wartime--)，從句，修飾people，注意里面還有一個從句(that aggression is necessary and justified)
中文：相信侵略是必要的合理的(諸如戰(zhàn)爭時期)
修飾二：(who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust) ，從句，修飾people，注意里面還有一個從句(that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust)
中文：相信一場特別的戰(zhàn)爭或侵略行為是不公正的人們
修飾三：(who think that aggression isnever justified)，從句，修飾people，
中文：認為侵略從來不是合理的人們
主干部分：表示對比的句子：people are likely to act aggressively whereas people are less likely to behave aggressively.
參考翻譯：
例如，相信侵略是必要的合理的(諸如戰(zhàn)爭時期)的人們就有可能行為有侵略性;然而，相信一場特別的戰(zhàn)爭或侵略行為是不公正的，或者，認為侵略從來不是合理的人們，就少有可能行為有侵略性。
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