詳析雅思閱讀難句中的分隔結構
導語：雅思閱讀當中有很多長句難句，下面YJBYS小編詳析雅思閱讀難句中的分隔結構，歡迎參考!
英語的難句=主句+從句+短語，不同于漢語的句子全是簡單句，沒有復雜句。如果把英語的難句比喻成大樹，那么主句相當于樹干，從句相當于樹枝，而短語相當于葉子。只要把握主句，就可理解大意。相比之下，漢語的句子就好比是竹子，一節一節的。
因此，我們在理解英語難句的時候要學會“拆”——把復雜句拆成簡單句來理解。也就是說，要學會抓住“樹干”，拆掉“枝葉”。
閱讀難句：分隔結構
1. Evening had now come, the last of Adolf Hitler’s life.
2. We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about.
3. Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching.
4. The willingness to recognize the value of these newer “unscientific” ways of doing science may be another instance of the human ability to adapt and survive, of which we spoke earlier.
5. It is an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes.
6. The tour races of France and Italy, held each year, cover more than 2,000 miles.
7. While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.
8. The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
9. I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.
10. Even his critics say the Ames test – his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer – is a remarkable achievement.
11. The cessation(停止) of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent(即將來臨的) is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.
12. Although her characters were portrayed(描繪) in many settings and situations, they all reflected, by the often tragic outcome of their lives, her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness(悲傷，痛苦) of another.
13. I plan to see her soon in England, though not, she reminded me, again at 10 Downing Street.
1. Evening had now come, (the last of Adolf Hitler’s life).
結構：只有1個謂語動詞：had come，分隔了主語evening和它的同位語(the last of Adolf Hitler’s life)。(the last of Adolf Hitler’s life)由于較長，所以放在了后面。本句的原型是：Evening, (the last of Adolf Hitler’s life), had now come.
翻譯：阿道夫.希特勒生命中的最后一個夜晚已經來臨了。
2. We live in a time when, (more than ever before in history), people are moving about.
結構：共有2個謂語動詞，主句的是live。(more than ever before in history)分隔了定語從句的引導詞when和people are moving about。拆分為：
1) We live in a time.
2) In a time people are moving about (more than ever before in history).
翻譯：在我們生活的時代中，人們四處奔波的程度遠遠超過歷史上的任何時期。
3. Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching.
結構：共有3個謂語動詞，主句的是hope。that引導的是an announcement的同位語從句，原型是an announcement that enemy missiles are approaching comes over the radio。但是，由于謂語動詞太短，造成頭重腳輕，所以同位語從句被放到了后面。拆分為：
1) Several neighbors hope to find … on their street.
2) When an announcement comes over the radio.
3) That enemy missiles are approaching.
翻譯：當電臺里面宣布敵人的導彈襲來的時候，有幾個鄰居希望能在街上唯一的避彈所里找到藏身之處。
4. The willingness to recognize the value of these newer “unscientific” ways of doing science may be another instance of the human ability to adapt and survive, of which we spoke earlier.
結構：共有2個謂語動詞，主句的是may be。主干是The willingness…may be another instance…。of which引導非限定性定語從句，修飾the human ability，被to adapt and survive分隔。
1) The willingness to recognize the value of these newer “unscientific” ways of doing science may be another instance of the human ability to adapt and survive.
2) We spoke of the human ability.
翻譯：認識到從事科學工作的一些更新穎的、“非科學”方法的價值的愿望，也許是我們早先提到過的人類所具有的適應能力和生存能力的另一個例子。
5. It is an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes.
結構：共有3個謂語動詞，主句的是is。主干為It is an activity…, not something…。 you turn to for pleasure是一個省略了that的定語從句，修飾activity。修飾something的定語從句that you have to do分隔了something和它的另一個定語like helping with the dishes。拆分為：
1) It is an activity.
2) You turn to the activity for pleasure.
3) You have to do something.
翻譯：這是一種你尋求快樂的活動，而非像幫人刷盤子那樣的一些你不得不作的事情。
6. The tour races of France and Italy, (held each year), cover more than 2,000 miles.
結構：只有1個謂語動詞。過去分詞(held each year)作為the tour races的定語，被另一個定語of France and Italy分隔。當一個名詞或代詞后面同時接有兩個以上的定語，或者名詞或代詞后面的定語被其他成分(例如狀語，插入語，同位語等)隔開時，稱為“分割定語”。例如：The man in old age who can see his life in this way will not suffer from the pain of death. in old age分隔了the man的定語從句。
翻譯：環法國和意大利的巡回賽每年舉行，其行程長達2,000多英里。
7. While I was waiting to enter university, I saw (advertised in a local newspaper) a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.
結構：共有3個謂語動詞，主句的是saw。主句的原型是I saw a teaching post (advertised in a local newspaper) at a school in a suburb of London…。(advertised in a local newspaper)也是a teaching post的定語，但是分隔了saw和a teaching post。之所以把(advertised in a local newspaper)提到a teaching post之前，是因為主句的原型中，a teaching post的后置定語太長，容易造成理解上的混亂。
翻譯：當我等待進入大學期間，我看到當地的一家報紙上登著一個教師職位的招聘廣告，其所在的學校位于倫敦郊區，而那個地方離我的住處有大約10英里的路程。
8. The second aspect is the application (by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen), of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
結構：共有2個謂語動詞，主句的是is。(by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen)分隔了the application和它的定語of the special methods…。that引導的定語從句修飾the special methods。拆分為：
1) The second aspect is the application…of the special methods of thought and action.
2) Scientists use the special methods of thought and action in their work.
翻譯：第二個方面是社會的全體成員，從政府官員到普通公民，都要使用科學家在他們的工作中所使用的那些特殊的思考和行動的方法。
9. I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.
結構：共有4個謂語動詞，主句的是launched into。I had made for years是省略了that的定語從句，分隔了the speech和about。about后面是兩個并列的賓語從句。拆分為：
1) I launched into a variation of the speech about...
2) I had made the speech for years.
3) How excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce.
4) How cutting taxes can generate growth.
翻譯：我做了一次與幾年前內容不同的演講，談的是關于過高的稅率會如何挫傷生產的積極性，以及減稅如何能夠促進發展。
10. Even his critics say the Ames test – his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer – is a remarkable achievement.
結構：共有4個謂語動詞，主句的是say。his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure…是一個很長的同位語，分隔了賓語從句中的the Ames test和is a remarkable achievement。拆分為：
1) Even his critics say.
2) The Ames test is a remarkable achievement.
3) His simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure helps determine.
4) Whether a substance might cause cancer.
翻譯：甚至連他的批評者都說愛姆茲試驗是一項非凡的成就。這種試驗是一種簡單而又廉價的實驗過程，卻有助于確定某一種物質是否能夠造成癌癥。
11. The cessation(停止) of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent(即將來臨的) is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.
結構：共有3個謂語動詞，主句的是第三個is。主干是The cessation…is the decision…，但是主語與系動詞之間被長長的定語of the employment…所分隔。that引導evidence的同位語從句。拆分為：
1) The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.
2) When there is irrefutable evidence.
3) That biological death is imminent.
翻譯：當有確鑿的證據證明病人即將進入生物死亡時，停止采用非常規手段來延長其生命的決定，應該由病人和(或)其直系親屬做出。
12. Although her characters were portrayed(描繪) in many settings and situations, they all reflected, (by the often tragic outcome of their lives), her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness(悲傷，痛苦) of another.
結構：共有4個謂語動詞，主句的是reflected。(by the often tragic outcome of their lives)分隔了reflected和它的賓語her profound conviction。that引導了her profound conviction的同位語從句。拆分為：
1) Although her characters were portrayed(描繪) in many settings and situations.
2) The all reflected her profound conviction.
3) That no human could be happy.
4) If that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another.
翻譯：雖然她描繪出的角色出現在各種背景和情節當中，但是由于這些角色經常都是以悲劇而告終，因此他們都能反映出她深深地相信，如果把快樂建立在別人的痛苦之上，那么沒有人會真的快樂。
13. I plan to see her soon in England, though not, (she reminded me), again at 10 Downing Street.
結構：共有2個謂語動詞，主句的是plan。(she reminded me)是分隔結構。Though實際上引導了一個省略的讓步狀語從句，其原型是though (it will) not (be) again at 10 Downing Street。拆分為：
1) I plan to see her soon in England.
2) Though (it will) not (be) again at 10 Downing Street.
3) She reminded me.
翻譯：我打算很快在英國見到她，雖然她提醒我地點將不再是在唐寧街10號了。
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