如何看懂英文合同里出現頻率極高的古體詞
引導語：小編今天就帶著大家一起認識認識這些在英文合同里出現頻率極高的"古體詞"。希望能夠幫助到大家。
先看看幾個例句：
This contract is made this 19th of February,2014 by WFX Corporation (hereinafter referred to as "Sellers")who agree to sell and HK Corporation (hereinafter referred to as "Buyers"), who agree to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as below.
本合同由WFX公司(以下簡稱"賣方")與HK公司(以下簡稱"買方")于2014年2月19日訂立，雙方同意按下述條件買賣下列貨物。
The deposit paid by the Buyers shall not be refunded if the Buyers fail to make full payment within the time herein specified and the Buyers shall be liable for all losses incurred therefrom to the Sellers.
如果買方在規定的時間內未付清貨款，買方的保證金將不予退還，而且買方應承擔賣方由此產生的一切損失。
在翻譯古體詞的時候，應根據本意及上下文靈活掌握釋義。例如在此例中， herein可以不必譯出。或采用漢語的文言詞例如"茲"、"之"、"鑒于"、"特"等進行翻譯。
IN WITNESSTH WHEREOF the parties hereto have executed this Contract by their authorized representatives as of the date first above written.
茲特由雙方授權的代表，于上述首開日期簽署本合同為據。
此例中的"IN WITNESSTH WHEREOF"意思是"作為協議事項的證據"，是格式化的合同語言，類似采用大寫形式的還有：IN CONSIDERATION OF(考慮到，以為約因)、WHEREAS (鑒于)、IN THE PRESENCE OF (見證人)、NOWTHEREFORE(特此、茲特)、NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS(茲特立約為據)。
當然，類似這樣運用大量"古體詞"的句子在任何一本英文合同里都可以找出上百句來。于是我們整理了這么一個列表，如果將下述詞匯全都理解透，相信各位一定會對法律英語(精品課)有進一步的了解，至少能更順利地閱讀法律文本。
1. hereafter
after this in sequence or in time, in some future time or state(此后，以下)
例句：
Both parties must agree to the terms specified hereunder.
雙方均須同意以下條款。
2. hereby
by this means(以此方式，以此，特此)
例句：
I hereby acknowledge receipt of your letter of 25 July.
特此告知貴方7月25日的來函收悉。
3. herefrom
from this fact or statement(由此，從此)
例句：
The organization, XXXX, will be liable for any economic and legal liability incurred herefrom.
XXX一方將承擔由此產生的一切經濟和法律責任。
4. herein
in this document(此中，于此，在此文件中)
例句：
The statements and views expressed herein are those of the author and are not necessarily those of the Wilson Centre.
本書中的陳述和觀點為作者個人意見，不一定代表威爾遜中心的看法。
5. hereinabove
at a prior point in this writing or document(前文，上文)
例句：
Any tax or duty other than those described hereinabove, if any, be borne by the Buyer.
除上述的稅務和關稅外,如果產生其他的稅務和關稅,應有買方負擔。
6. hereinafter
in the following part of this writing or document(在下文)
例句：
These territories are hereinafter referred to as trust territories.
此項領土以下簡稱“托管領土”。
7. hereinbefore
in the preceding part of this writing or document(在上文)
例句：
The hereinbefore is authentic and assures our business activities are legal.
以上所填內容屬實,保證所從事的經濟活動符合法律法規。
8. hereof
of this(就此，關于此)
例句：
The amount of each drawing must be endorsed on reverse hereof.
每筆匯票金額必須在信用證背面給予簽注。
9. hereto
to this writing or document(對此，至此)
例句：
The Parties hereto reach an agreement in writing.
雙方達成書面協議。
10. hereunder
under or in accordance with this writing or document(在下面，在下文)
例句：
Please quote us your lowest price for the items listed hereunder.
請報下列商品的最低價。
11. herewith
with this communication;enclosed in this(同此，隨信附上)
例句：
Please find two samples enclosed herewith.
寄上樣品兩種，請查收。
12. thereafter
after that(此后，后來)
例句：
The commitment fee shall quarterly be paid from the date in the third month thereafter to the earlier day of the Disbursement Date and the Termination Date.
從其后第3個月的該日起開始按季支付承諾費至發放日與終止日中較早之日。
13. therein
in or into that place,time,or thing(在那里，在其中)
例句：
A certificate of the Borrower shall, substantially, comply with the form set forth in Appendix 4, and the attachments specified therein.
借款人證明書，其格式基本上應遵照附錄4及其附件規定的格式。
14. thereinafter
in the following part of that matter (as writing, document, or speech)(在下文)
例句：
All expenses and risks thereinafter shall be borne by your side.
此后一切所發生的風險和費用由你方承擔。
15. thereof
of that(在其中)
例句：
When the Buyer is entitled to determine the time within a specified period and /or the place of taking delivery, the Buyer in question shall give the Seller the notice thereof.
買方有權確定在規定期限內提取貨物的時間和/或地點時，應將有關信息通知賣方。
16. thereto
to that(此外，在其上)
例句：
The parties thereto shall, in good faith, comply with the decision and award of the arbitration tribunal.
雙方須以良好誠信的態度遵守仲裁庭的決定。
17. thereunder
under that part of a contract(在其下，按規定條款)
例句：
The Borrower fails to pay amount payable thereunder as amount shall become payable.
借款人未能支付根據該協議規定到期應付的款項。
18. therewith
with that(與此)
例句：
I therewith withdraw my complaints.
我同時撤回我的投訴。
19. whereby
by which(憑此，由此)
例句：
They voted to accept a deal whereby the union will receive nearly three-quarters of a million pounds from the International Miners Organisation.
他們表決同意了一項協議，根據這一協議工會將從國際礦工組織得到近75萬英鎊。
20. wherein
in which(在那方面)
例句：
Adequate housing is possible in developed, mixed economies wherein the interests of the poor have prevailed.
在發達的混合經濟體中，充足的房源供給是可能的，在那里貧困階層的利益較有保障。
21. whereof
of which(其中，有關的)
例句：
A contract made by an urban council, whereof the value and amount exceed X50, must be under seal, and certain other formalities must be observed.
由市政廳簽署的合同，若其中涉及的金額和數量超過50倍，則須蓋章并履行其他手續。
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