英語寫作：好的段落
在平平淡淡的日常中，大家一定都接觸過一些使用較為普遍的段落吧，段落是文章中最基本的單位。內(nèi)容上它具有一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的意思；在文章中，段具有換行的標(biāo)。那么什么樣的段落才是好的段落呢？下面是小編幫大家整理的英語寫作：好的段落，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
1.完整
完整是就段落中心的內(nèi)容而言。為了使一個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容完整，它所有的句子必須都圍繞著一個(gè)中心主題進(jìn)行敘述。中心主題往往由一中心句點(diǎn)出，即所謂的主題句。主題句或中心句可置于段首，也可置于段中或段末。請(qǐng)看下面的例子：
One of the central preoccupations of the arts and humanities is the observation of human beings. Painters and sculptors create images of the human form; writers tell stories or compose poems about human experience; musical artists give melodic contours to the human spirit; historians and philosophers ponder the essential qualities of human civilization and nature. And in our own lives, in our own ways, we spend a great deal of our energy and attention on our fellow creatures, being in families and other kinds of relationship, observing people with curiosity and interest in the course of the day, thinking about and forming our own character-deciding what kind of person we wish to be-as we grow.
-- Don Knefel
2.連貫 連貫是指段落的結(jié)構(gòu)是否有條理。一個(gè)段落中的句子應(yīng)該條理清晰，層次分明，銜接自然流暢。只有做到這些，讀者才能跟上作者的思路，明白他要講的意思。
3.過渡
在一個(gè)段落里，即使所有的句子意思都清楚并且邏輯順序排列正確，但是如果缺乏句與句之間恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡，整個(gè)段落的連貫性仍會(huì)受到影響。
以下幾種方法可以用來加強(qiáng)句與句之間的連貫性：
(1)使用平行結(jié)構(gòu);
(2)重復(fù)一個(gè)詞或一個(gè)詞組;
(3)在復(fù)指上一句提到的名詞時(shí)使用代詞;
(4)段落中名詞和代詞的人稱和數(shù)量保持一致;動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)也須保持一致。
(5)使用過渡詞語：
1)用于按空間展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有：
above; before me; here; on the left; across from; below; in the distance; on the right; adjacent to; beyond; nearby; opposite to
2)用于按時(shí)間順序展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有：
first, second, etc. ; soon; eventually; in the meantime; then; thereupon; at the same time; next; thereafter
3)用于按分析法展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有：
first, second, etc. ; now; for the first time; but; as a result; furthermore; finally; at last; moreover
4)用于按比較法展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有：
another; furthermore; moreover; equally important; too, also; at the same time; besides; then; accordingly
5)用于按對(duì)比法展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有：
on the contrary; different from/ in contrast; on the other hand; to; despite; in spite of; unlike; nevertheless
這期的作業(yè)：
1. 下面列出的是一個(gè)中心句和九個(gè)有關(guān)的句子。把句子按最佳順序重新排列，并據(jù)此寫出一段話。中心句應(yīng)為該段的首句：
中心句： Since I began living in an apartment and going to school, my biggest problem has been the housework.
1.Cooking my food is a bigger problem.
2.The worst problem is doing my laundry.
3.Cleaning the apartment is not too bad; although it takes time away from my studies; at least when I finish the apartment looks nice.
4.Sometimes the food is burned, sometimes it is not cooked enough, and sometimes I have not measured correctly, so the food tastes terrible.
5.Shopping for my food is more difficult because I don't know the English names of many foods, and often I have to spend extra time asking for help.
6.The laundromat is far from my apartment, and I waste much valuable time.
7.I have never had to cook before, and usually the results are discouraging.
8.Mostly I am embarrassed as I sit in the laundromat with all the women, and so I wait until all my clothes are dirty before I do this horrible task.
9.I also have trouble with the complicated instructions, so occasionally I end up with pink socks or a shirt that is too small.
Today's Recommend：
請(qǐng)看下面的段落，注意作者是如何使用以上四種方法寫出了一個(gè)內(nèi)容連貫、生動(dòng)流暢的段落的。
Americans are queer people: they can't play. Americans rush to work as soon as they grow up. They want their work as soon as they wake. It is a stimulant-the only one they are not afraid of. They used to open their offices at ten o'clock; then at nine; then at eight; then at seven. Now they never shut them. Every business in America is turning into an open-all-day-and-night business. They eat all night, dance all night, build buildings all night, make a noise all night. They can't play. They try to, but can't. They turn football into a fight, baseball into a lawsuit, and yachting into machinery. They can't play. The little children can't play; they use mechanical toys instead-toy cranes, hoisting toy loads, toy machinery spreading a toy industrial depression of infantile dullness. The grownup people can't play; they use a mechanical gymnasium and a clockwork horse. They can't laugh; they hire a comedian and watch him laugh.
--Stephen Leacock
經(jīng)典英語寫作句型
the + 形容詞最高級(jí) + n. + (that) + S(主語) + have ever seen / known / heard / had / read, etc
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.（海倫是我見過的最美麗的女孩。）
Nothing is + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than to + V(謂語)
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. （沒有比接受教育更重要的事。）
S cannot emphasize the importance of sth. too much：再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性也不為過。
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. （我們?cè)僭趺磸?qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過。）
There is no doubt + that + 句子：毫無疑問，……
例句：There is no doubt that the economy is recovering. （毫無疑問，經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)逐漸復(fù)蘇。）
It pays to + V + O(賓語)：……是值得的。
例句：It pays to help others. （幫助別人是值得的。）
An advantage of + 名詞結(jié)構(gòu)+ is that + 句子：……的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是……
例句：An advantage of using solar energy is that it won't create any pollution.（使用太陽能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何污染。）
There is no denying that + 句子：不可否認(rèn)……
例句：There is no denying that the quality of our life has gone from good to better. （不可否認(rèn)，我們的生活質(zhì)量日益改善。）
On no account can we + V：我們絕對(duì)不能……
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. （我們絕不能無視知識(shí)的價(jià)值。）
It is universally acknowledged that + 句子：全世界都知道……
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable[不可或缺的] to us. （全世界都知道樹木對(duì)我們是不可或缺的。）
The reason why + 句子 + is that + 句子：……的原因是……
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. （我們必須種樹的原因是它們能給我們提供新鮮空氣。）
be closely related to sth.：與……息息相關(guān)
例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health. （做運(yùn)動(dòng)與健康息息相關(guān)。）
So + 形容詞 + be + S + that + 句子：如此……以致于……
例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it. （時(shí)間是如此珍貴，它經(jīng)不起我們浪費(fèi)。）
It is time + S + 動(dòng)詞過去式：該是……的時(shí)候了。
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. （有關(guān)當(dāng)局是時(shí)候采取適當(dāng)措施解決交通問題了。）
S + enable + O + to + V：……使……能夠……
例句：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. （聽音樂使我們獲得放松。）
be + forced / obliged / compelled + to + V：不得不……
例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. （既然考試迫在眉睫，我不得不放棄做運(yùn)動(dòng)。）
a. + as + S + be, S + V + O：雖然……， 但是……
例句：Rich as our country is, the quality of our life is by no means satisfactory. （雖然我們的國家富有，但我們的生活質(zhì)量仍差強(qiáng)人意。）
It is conceivable / obvious / apparent that + 句子：可想而知/明顯/顯然……
例句：It is apparent that knowledge plays an important role in our life. （顯然，知識(shí)在我們?nèi)松邪缪葜匾巧�。�?/p>
The + 形容詞比較級(jí) + S + V, the + 形容詞比較級(jí) + S + V：……愈……，……愈……
例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make. （愈努力，愈進(jìn)步。）
Since + S + 動(dòng)詞過去式，S + 現(xiàn)在完成式： 自從……，……一直……
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. （自從上了高中，他一直很用功。）
By + V-ing, S can V：通過……，……能夠……
例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. （通過做運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們能夠保持健康。）
be based on sth.：以.……為基礎(chǔ)
例句：Progress in society is based on harmony. （社會(huì)的進(jìn)步是以和諧為基礎(chǔ)的。）
That is the reason why +句子：那就是……的原因
例句：Summer is sultry[悶熱的]. That is the reason why I don't like it. （夏天很悶熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。）
There is no one but + V + O：沒有人不……
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college. （沒有人不渴望上大學(xué)。）
Due to / Owing to / Thanks to + sth. / V-ing：因?yàn)? 多虧……
例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream. （因?yàn)樗墓膭?lì)，我終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了夢(mèng)想。）
For the past + 時(shí)間, S + 現(xiàn)在完成式： 過去的……來，……一直……
例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. （過去兩年來，我一直忙著準(zhǔn)備考試。）
What a + a. + n. + S + V!= How + a. + a + n. + V!：多么……！
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! / How important a thing it is to keep our promise! （遵守諾言是多么重要的事�。�
get into the habit of + V-ing = make it a rule to + V：養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣
例句：We should get into the habit of
keeping good hours. （我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成早睡早起的習(xí)慣。） leave much to be desired：令人不滿意
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. （我們的交通狀況令人不太滿意。）
Those who + V + O：那些……的人
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. （違反交通規(guī)定的人應(yīng)該受處罰。）
have a great influence on sth.：對(duì)……有很大影響
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health. （抽煙對(duì)我們的健康有很大影響。）
spare no effort to + V：不遺余力地……
例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. （我們應(yīng)該不遺余力地美化我們的環(huán)境。）
do good / harm to sth.：對(duì)……有益/有害
例句：Reading does good to our mind.（讀書對(duì)心靈有益。）
pose a great threat to sth.：對(duì)……造成很大威脅
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. （污染對(duì)我們的生存造成很大威脅。）
bring home to + S + O：讓……明白……
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard. （我們應(yīng)該讓人們明白努力的價(jià)值。）
do one's utmost to + V = do one's best to + V：盡全力去……
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. （我們應(yīng)盡全力去達(dá)成我們的人生目標(biāo)。）
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