中考英語閱讀理解題的實用技巧
導語：在中考英語試題中做閱讀理解題要講一些實用技巧，才可以在考試中拿得高分，以下是小編為大家精心整理的相關知識，歡迎大家參考！
1. 保持良好的精神狀態。良好的精神狀態對于考場上的考生來說非常重要。因為只有在心理放松的情況下，考生的精力才能夠集中，思維才會敏捷，從而才能將自己的真實水平發揮出來。
2. 抓住中心句。閱讀短文之前，先看短文是否有標題。若有，應給予高度重視。因為標題是文章主題的高度凝聚，它能給我們啟發和想象，有利于加深對短文的理解，從而提高做題效率。另外，在沒有標題的情況下，應充分重視短文的首、尾句。因為大多數文章都是按照"總---分---總"的結構布局的。據統計，英語中有60%-90%的主題句位于段首和段尾，短文的其他文字往往是對這些中心句的解釋和說明。
3. 克服不良習慣，提高閱讀速度。由于考試的時間有限，在保證不出偏差的前提下，一定要盡可能地提高閱讀速度。倘若能注意克服以下不良習慣，就可以大大提高閱讀速度：①心讀。考場上不能出聲閱讀，于是有的考生就在心里讀，有時考生的嘴唇也在動。這是非常不好的習慣，一定要下決心克服。因為這樣做會直接制約著閱讀速度的提高;②回視(指重新閱讀上文)。閱讀中的回視是一種無效勞動，所以應一口氣把文章讀完，盡量不要回視。這壞習慣是慢慢形成的，不是一朝一夕就能克服掉的。在平時的學習中就應當引起注意并加以克服;③一個詞一個詞地看。閱讀時，視線應從左向右跳躍式移動，著重掃描意群，同時注意意群中的重要單詞，以尋求主要的語言信息。可將冠詞、系動詞、助動詞及不定式符號等小品詞一掃而過，不可一詞不漏地全部都看一遍;④只讀不記。正確的做法是：一邊閱讀一邊用筆記下或標出那些與文后所設問題有關的信息。這樣，在做題時就用不著重新查閱短文，至少不用一句一句地再尋找那些隱約有印象的信息，從而可以節省一些時間。
4. 判斷要有依據，推理要順乎作者的意圖。對于推理性或評價性之類的閱讀理解題目，在材料中一般是找不到現成答案的，必須通讀全篇，對所獲信息加以篩選、提煉、推斷，對作者的思想傾向，對文中提及的人物或事件可能產生的結局等，加以綜合考慮才能得出正確結論。對這種題，不能以偏概全，不能"只見樹木，不見森林"，不能以個人的想法代替作者的意圖。
5. 遇到生詞時，一定要沉著、冷靜。中考英語試題中，一般是不會盲目地出現生詞的，但不排除出現影響答題的生詞，同時也可能出現猜測生詞的題目，因為猜測詞義也是閱讀能力的體現，當然也在考查范圍之列。遇到這種題目，只要理解了全篇材料的大部分內容，弄清了上、下文之間的內在聯系，判斷出它在文中可能存在的含義是不難的。英語中猜測詞義的方法很多。如：
(1)根據上、下文進行猜測。這是最重要，也是最常用的方法。有些生詞可以通過上下文的相關信息，或根據同位語，修飾語等猜測詞義。例如：
The people who survived the earthquake cried bitterly over the bodies of their relatives.
【分析】一般來說，中考"閱讀理解"題中的"詞義猜測"，并不要求考生根據構詞法去分析單詞的詞義，而是要求考生根據文中的有關信息對生詞的詞義進行推斷性的猜測。聯系上下文，不難看出：這些人的親屬死了，他們在哭，顯然他們在地震中"survive"了。這個詞不就是"幸存"之意嗎?可見，這種詞義猜測也是建立在對上下文的正確理解之上的。又如：
The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They came together to listen to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meeting.
【分析】下文中的短語came together意思是"聚到一起"，由此可以推斷出學生們是"聚集到"學校大廳里聽運動會的結果的。故該詞的意思是"聚集"。
(2)利用構詞法進行猜測。英語的構詞法大致可分為派生、轉化和合成等。例如：
Man differs from most from all the other animals in their ability to learn and use languages.
【分析】不難發現，本句中的生詞differ跟different是同根詞，搭配也是from，其前有man，其后有animals，根據這些信息可以斷定動詞differ此處有"和……不相同"、"與……存在差別"之意。
這里要特別強調一點，大部分閱讀題目在設計過程中，已充分考慮到了生詞對答題的影響。對于那些對答題無關緊要的生詞，如人名、地名、產品商標名稱或影視劇目名稱等，一般是不加注漢語的，只要能推斷出那些生詞的類別就可以了，不必弄清其準確含義。對于那些一時難以斷定其意思又不妨礙理解的生詞，大可不必理會。
另外，熟詞新義也是應當引起重視的。英語詞語往往具有一詞多義，在不同的場合它所表達的意思就不一定相同。如果僅僅用它的主要或常用的詞義來理解一篇文章，就可能產生誤解，或者根本無法了解作者的意圖。如果一時間想不起該詞的其他含義，可根據上下文來判斷該詞的詞義。特別是那些關鍵詞，必須仔細推敲。
●實戰訓練●
A
Have you ever heard of e-books? E-books are electronic books. They are no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read.
How does the e-book work?
First, you call up websites on your computer and select books that you want. There are thousands of books provided by different websites on the Internet. Then download the books you like on to your e-book. You can download about 10 books at a time. Now you can just sit back and enjoy yourself reading.
Compared with ordinary books, e-books have many advantages. First of all, e-books save space. You can put as many as 10 books into a thing no bigger than a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere. You can renew reading materials in your e-book as many times as you like. With the development of e-book technology, probably an e-library will appear. Then you just take your e-books there and download what you want to read. You no longer need to worry about whether your books are over-due or not.
根據短文內容，選擇可以完成句子的最佳答案。
1. E-books are ________.
A. electronic books
B. no larger than an ordinary book
C. very popular in big city
D. A, B and C
2. First, you ________.
A. call up websites on your computer
B. read books that you want
C. turn on your e-book
D. download the books you like
3. You can download ________ books at a time.
A. two B. ten C. twelve D. twenty
4. E-books ________.
A. save space B. save money
C. look like a pocket radio D. carry it easily
5. There must be an ________ in the future.
A. e-book B. e-mail C. e-library D. e-house
B
Eager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian company presented a "space place" model. It would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in space.
Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane. The US company helped the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip. C-21 would offer tourists a small glimpse of space. The aircraft, carrying a pilot and two passengers, will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air. Once released from the carrier, the ship's own rocket will send it to a height of over 96 kilometers for three minutes of weightlessness. Then C-21 will slide back into the atmosphere and land like an ordinary plane. The entire flight will only take about an hour.(from www.zkenglish com)
仔細閱讀短文，補上每個句子中所缺的詞，使句意完整，語句連貫。
6. A ________ company would give tourists the ________ to spend an hour in space.
7. About 100 people are ________ to spend $100,000 for ________ on the C-21 plane.
8. Dennis Tito is the first ________ ________. He have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip in space.
9. A ________ and two ________ will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane.
10. C-21 will ________ back into the atmosphere and ________ like an ordinary plane.
C
Once a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off. Down came the boy!
This is just a story. But it tells us that man has always dreamed of flying. In 1783, this dream came true. Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon. It rose a thousand feet high.
It took almost 100 years for men to move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s. It was a powered balloon.
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