ING分詞大學英語語法詳解
ING結構作賓語補足語
1. 表示感覺和心理狀態的動詞，如 hear, feel, find, give, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch等詞的賓語可以用-ING作賓語補語
21) "Where are the children?" "I saw in the yard."
［A］ them to play ［B］ them played ［C］ them playing ［D］ to them playing
22) I must say I don't like to hear you like that.
［A］ talking［B］ to talk［C］ have to talk［D］ talked
2. 表示"致使"等意義的動詞，如 catch, have, get, keep, leave, set
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.
What you have told left me thinking that you experienced much when you were young.
3. 其他動詞賓語的補語
23) The average age ［A］ of the Mediterranean ［B］ olive trees grow ［C］ today is two hundred years ［D］ .
六、 -ING結構作狀語
-ING結構作狀語表示主語在進行一動作的同時所進行的另一動作，它對謂語動詞起修飾或陪襯的作用，英語語法詳解--ING分詞（三）。這時要注意-ING與其邏輯主語在時態、意義上的'統一
1. 表示時間和伴隨 一般放在句首，有時可放在句中
Coming into the room, I found him sobbing. (=When I came into the room, I found him sobbing.) 在這里coming這一-ING分詞動作發生時，緊接著(幾乎是同時)發生了謂語動作，有"一……就"的意思。
Pulling his body in the car, he drove away.(=After he pulled his body in the car, he drove away.)
24) Those naughty boys were caught flowers in the garden again.
［A］to steal［B］stealing［C］ having stolen［D］stolen
25) Daniel walked up and down ［A］ as he listened, hands behind ［B］ his back, now and then ［C］ asked ［D］ a question.
2. 表示方式
Being a clever girl, she was sent to college by her father.(此例不可改成：Being a clever girl, her father sent her to college.因為分詞短語的邏輯主語不是"her father ", 而只能是"she "。)
如果-ING分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生，-ING分詞前可以加when,while等連詞，可放在句首或句末：When arriving home, he found the door opened. / He listened to the music radio while reading.
26) ，Tony jumped into the river and saved the drowning man.
［A］ Good swimer as he is ［B］ He can swim very well
［C］ Being that he was a good swimmer ［D］ Being a good swimmer
27) the kind of man he was, he did not pay much attention to it at first.
［A］ To be［B］ Being［C］ Having been［D］ Though to be
28) Was a dancer ［A］ and blues singer before ［B］ the age of eight ［C］ ，Florence Mills made her ［D］ vaudeville debut(輕歌舞首演) in 1910.
3. 表示原因
Not having had any letter from Tom, Marry was worried.(=Marry was worried because she did not have any letter from Tom.)
Having got a headache, I didn't come to the concert. (=Because I got a headache, I didn't come to the concert.)
29) Most of the people, , could not go to sleep that night after the party.
being so excited
［A］ being so excited ［B］ be so excited ［C］ being so exciting ［D］ be so exciting
30) Having the highest marks in his class， .
［A］ the college offered him a scholarship ［B］ he was offered a scholarship by the college
［C］ a scholarship was offered him by the college ［D］ a college scholarship was offered to him
4. 表示條件：一般放在句首
Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all. (=If I know anything about it, I will tell you all.)
Working diligently, you will pass the entrance exam. (=If you work diligently, you will pass the entrance exam.)
5. 表示讓步：表示讓步的-ING分詞常常由although/though, even if/though, unless等連詞引入，一般放在句首
Having great diffculties in the course of working, they finished the task ahead of time.
Buying a lot of reference books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.
Although repeating his words many times, the teacher could not make his students understand the concret concept of philosophy.
Even if coming by taxi, I will arrive in at least 45 minutes.
6. 表示結果：置于句末，前面要加so, thereby, thus, hence等表示結果的副詞
He worked day and night, making himself near sighted.
Not making what he meant misunderstood, he adjusted his tones to underline his meaning.
The workers worked 14 hours a day, thus producing products three times as they did last month.
He wished to travel all over the world, thereby studying customs of other countries.
31) The bus was held up by the traffic jam, .
［A］ thus causing the delay［B］ so that caused the delay
［C］ to cause the delay［D］ caused the delay
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