英語六級翻譯訓練及翻譯指導
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翻譯訓練題一
1. Tom was said________(已經昏迷不醒) when the ambulance arrived.
2. He dreamt of being the richest man__________(正如你在這個年紀時常做的一樣).
答案解析:
1.答案: to have remained unconscious// to have been in a coma.
詳解:
考查不定式: 空格前已有was said提示，因此“據說”要用sb. is said to do sth. 句型結構來表達。
考查時態: 句子的謂語動詞使用一般過去時was said, "昏迷不醒"這個動作發生在謂語動詞之前，故用完成時。不定式的完成時為to have+過去分詞。
考查短語: “昏迷不醒”的表達為remain unconscious或be in a coma。
2. 答案: as often as you did at his age.
詳解:
考查as...as引導的比較狀語從句。
考查時態: 比較狀語從句前后時態保持一致，主句用一般過去式，故此處的從句也用一般過去時。 空格中as引導的分句的謂語為前一分句的重現，故用助動詞替代。
考查短語: “在...年紀”表達為at one's age.
翻譯訓練題二
1. Animals that____________(無法適應變化的環境) will not survive.
2. If _________(你在工作中表現出更多責任心的話), you will have got promoted.
答案解析:
1.答案: can't adapt/adjust themselves to the changing environment
詳解:
考查詞匯: "適應"可譯為adapt/adjust, 這兩個詞都是及物動詞，常用語adapt/adjust oneself to sth. , to 為介詞;"變化了的環境"譯為the changing environment.
2. 答案: you had showed more responsibility in your previous job.
詳解:
考查虛擬語氣: 本題是與過去事實相反的非真實條件句，所以從句用過去完成時，而主句謂語動詞用would+have+過去分詞。
考查固定搭配: "在...方面表現責任心"及"在先前的工作中"分別譯為show responsibility in, in one's previous job.
翻譯訓練題三
1. I decided to accumulate all the information about the car accident as soon as I ___________(接手這個任務).
2. I consider it no good_________________(撥一筆款給那個工廠).
答案解析:
1.答案: took over the task/assignment
詳解:
考查時態: 在時間狀語從句中，過去將來時常用一般過去時來代替。
考查詞語: "接手"譯為take over。
2. 答案: allocating a sum of money to that factory
詳解:
考查it作形式賓語: 真正的賓語是空格部分所填入的動名詞短語。
考查句型it (is) no good doing sth., 意為"做...沒有用"。
考查短語: "撥款"譯為allocate money to; "一筆錢"譯為a sum of money。
翻譯訓練題四
1. He takes the pills on time_________(以免心臟病再次發作).
2. _______________(這座城市曾經一定很繁榮), for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
答案解析:
1.答案: for fear that he should suffer from a heart attack
詳解:
考查目的狀語從句.
考查時態: “以免”可譯為for fear that, in case that, lest,它們引導的目的狀語從句—般用虛擬語氣，故從句中用should+動詞原形。
考査短語: "心臟病發作”表達為suffer from a heart attack.
2. 答案: The city must have been prosperous at one time
詳解:
考查情態動詞表示猜測: 表示對過去事情很有把握的推斷，用must have+過去分詞。
考查短語: at one time意為“曾經”。
翻譯訓練題五
1. So far, the production of automobiles____________(比去年增加了三倍).
2. He had been pacing up and down in the study, and he____________(突然想出一個好主意).
答案解析:
1.答案: has tripled that of last year//has increased by times compared with last year
詳解:
考查倍數: “增加了三倍”譯has tripled或has increased by three times.
考查短語: so far意為“迄今為止",通常跟現在完成時連用。
2. 答案: Suddenly came up with a good idea.
詳解:
考查時態: 句首分句用了過去完成進行時，表示在過去某個時間之前一直在進行的動作或反復的動作。后一分句用一般過去時，強調過去某個時候發生的動作。
考查短語: "想出" 可譯為come up with.
翻譯訓練題六
1. Police encouraged netizens to post photos of child beggars_________(以幫助認出并救出丟失的兒童)。
2. It was not until the fatal moment_________(他才會冒著生命危險與犯罪分子作斗爭).
答案解析:
1.答案: In order to help indentify and rescue the missing/lost children.
詳解:
考查短語: “以...”表目的，可譯為in order to//so as to.
考查使役動詞help的用法: help后接不定式時to省略。
考查詞匯: “認出并營救”譯為indentify and rescue
2. 答案: that he would risk his life to fight against the criminals
詳解:
考查not until引導的強調句: not until “直到...才”。
考查短語: “冒著生命危險”譯作risk one's life;“作斗爭”譯作fight against.
翻譯訓練題七
1. On no condition___________(你能獨自一人去徒步旅行) because I didn't want you to take such a blind risk.
2. Without the government's effort, ____________(讀寫能力就沒有這么普及).
答案解析:
1.答案: could you go hiking alone
詳解:
考查否定意義詞組位于句首的倒裝: on no condition"在任何情況下都不"之語從句的句首，從句的謂語要部分倒裝,即把助動詞或情態動詞置于主語之前。
考查短語: "徒步旅行“表達為go hiking.
2. 答案: literary would not have been so widespread.
詳解:
考查虛擬語氣: 句子表層雖沒有通常使用if 或I wish等表示條件的句子，但其深層結構或是上下文中還有暗含有條件的。本句中without短語表示與過去事實相反的假設，所以主句謂語動詞用would+have+過去分詞。
翻譯訓練題八
1. I cherished my college life, and I shall never_____________(忘記被提名為學生會主席).
2. It is ridicuous that some girls managed to keep a slim figure___________________(以犧牲健康為代價).
答案解析:
1.答案: forget being nominated as Charirperson of the Student Union.
詳解:
考查forget的賓語為不定式或動名詞在意思上的區別: forget的賓語是不定式時，其意思是"忘記" 了將要做的事情;forget的賓語是動名詞時，其意思是"忘記”了過去曾經做過的事情，“被提名為學生會主席”是已經做過的事情，故用動名詞。
考查被動語態: "我"是"提名"的承受者，故用被動語態。
考查短語: "提名某人為...”表達為nominate sb. as...。
2. 答案: at the expense of their health.
詳解:
考查詞匯: “以...為代價"可譯為at the expense/cost of; 注意，“健康”為不可數名詞，譯為health.
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