2016年6月大學英語六級閱讀真題及答案解析
大學英語六級考試的閱讀理解部分有三種題型，下面是小編整理的2016年6月大學英語六級閱讀真題及答案解析，歡迎閱讀!
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a singleline through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Lets say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of __26__ on your roller-skates brings asmile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a __27__attitude toward it.
This description of roller-skating __28__ the three components of an attitude: affect,cognition, and behavior. You love the activity; its great fun. These feelings __29__ the affectiveor emotional component; they are an important ingredient in attitudes. The knowledge wehave about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude. You understandthe health __30__ that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes have a behavioral component.Our attitudes __31__ us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.
Now, we dont want to leave you with the __32__ that these three components always worktogether __33__ . They dont; sometimes they clash. For example, lets say you love pizza(affective component); however, you have high cholesterol and understand (knowledgecomponent) that eating pizza may be bad for your health. Which behavior will your attituderesult in, eating pizza or __34__ it? The answer depends on which component happens to bestronger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime, your emotions and feelingsprobably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for yourhealth. In that instance, you have pizza for lunch. If you are at home trying to decide where togo for dinner, however, the knowledge component may __35__ , and you decide to go whereyou can eat a healthier meal.
A.avoiding
B.benefits
C.highlight
D.illustrates
E.impression
F.improves
G.inquiring
H.perfectly
I.positive
J.prevail K.primarily
L.prompt
M.specifications
N.strapping
O.typical
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Changing Generation
[A] It turns out todays teenagers arent so scary after all. Results of USA WEEKENDS Teens & Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way theyre being raised. They think of their parents with affection and respect. They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem. Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No. 1 priority in their parents, lives. Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color (低俗的) book or CD.
[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young. In October 2000, , the same month the survey was taken, the Washington-based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting. In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every five visual backgrounds. No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.
[C] The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that todays teens are affectionate, sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes. From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline. We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.
[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large-scale surveys. Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKENDS survey. Todays teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Mom and Dads advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. When we ask teens to choose a hero，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure. Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends. [E] Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals (though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish (拉幫結派的) environment of high school). Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people. One prevalent quality we have found in teens, statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone. By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, "The kids are alright."
[F] How much is todays spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parent-child relations were described as "the generation gap". Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone: Most kids in the 60s and 70s shared their parents, basic values. Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known. Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young persons family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past. Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, "anything goes" mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.
[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that todays young care very much about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society. They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit. [H] Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the "laws of life" that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa. In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight, positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.
[I] For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.
[J] In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. " Most politicians are kind of crooked (不誠實的)" one student declared. Another, discussing national politics, said, “I feel like one person cant do that much, and I get the impression most people dont think a group of people can do that much." Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the students values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, "Id rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something."
[K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.
[L] In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.
36. Not many young people eligible for voting are interested in local or national elections these days.
37. Parents are concerned that their children may get involved in criminal offences once they reach their teens.
38. Even during the turbulent years of last century, youth rebellion was often exaggerated in the media.
39. Teenagers of today often turn to their parents for advice on such important matters as career choice.
40. The incidence of teenage crime and misbehavior is decreasing nowadays.
41. Young people should have lofty ideals in life and strive to be leaders.
42. Some young people like to keep something to themselves and dont want their parents to know about it. 43. It is beneficial to encourage young people to explore the broader world and get ready to make it a better place.
44. Many teenagers now offer to render service to the needy.
45. Interviews with students find many of them are only concerned about personal matters.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.
The commissions revised "Green Guides" warn marketers against using labels that make broad claims, like "eco-friendly". Marketers must qualify their claims on the product packaging and limit them to a specific benefit, such as how much of the product is recycled.
"This is really about trying to cut through the confusion that consumers have when they are buying a product and that businesses have when they are selling a product," said Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the commission.
The revisions come at a time when green marketing is on the rise. According to a new study, the number of advertisements with green messages in mainstream magazines has risen since 1987, and peaked in 2008 at 10.4%. In 2009, the number dropped to 9%. But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid spread of ecolabeling. There are both good and bad players in the eco-labeling game.
In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers dont always know what they are getting.
A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using misleading environmental labels. In 2008 and 2009, class-action lawsuits (集體訴訟) were filed against SC Johnson for using "Greenlist" labels on its cleaning products. The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the companys own.
"We are very proud of our accomplishments under the Greenlist system and we believe that we will prevail in these cases," Christopher Beard, director of public affairs for SC Johnson, said, while acknowledging that "this has been an area that is difficult to navigate."
Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each others green claims. David Mallen, associate director of the Council of Better Business Bureau, said in the last two years the organization had seen an increase in the number of claims companies were bringing against each other for false or misleading environmental product claims.
"About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification Ive never even heard of and Im in this industry, said Kevin Wilhelm, chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting. "Its kind of a Wild West, anybody can claim themselves to be green." Mr. Wilhelm said the excess of labels made it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should pay attention to.
46. What do the revised "Green Guides" require businesses to do?
A) Manufacture as many green products as possible. B) Indicate whether their products are recyclable.
C) Specify in what way their products are green. D) Attach green labels to all of their products.
47. What does the author say about consumers facing an explosion of green claims?
A) They can easily see through the businesses tricks.
B) They have to spend lots of time choosing products.
C) They have doubt about current green certification.
D) They are not clear which products are truly green.
48. What was SC Johnson accused of in the class-action lawsuits?
A) It gave consumers the impression that all its products were truly green.
B) It gave a third party the authority to label its products as environmentally friendly.
C) It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party.
D) It sold cleaning products that were not included in the official "Greenlist".
49. How did Christopher Beard defend his companys labeling practice?
A) There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling.
B) His companys products had been well received by the public.
C) It was in conformity to the prevailing practice in the market.
D) No law required the involvement of a third party in certification.
50. What does Kevin Wilhelm imply by saying "Its kind of a Wild West" (Line 3，Para. 11)?
A) Businesses compete to produce green products.
B) Each business acts its own way in green labeling.
C) Consumers grow wild with products labeled green. D) Anything produced in the West can be labeled green.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Americas education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.
Thats why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. Its not just about education, but about poverty and justice.
Its true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isnt teachers unions, but poverty. Southern states without strong teachers ，unions have schools at least as awful as those in union states. Some Chicago teachers seem to think that they shouldnt be held accountable until poverty is solved. Therere steps we can take that would make some difference, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is trying some of them—yet the union is resisting.
Id be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation. Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nations worst schools. But, instead, the Chicago union seems to be using its political capital primarily to protect weak performers.
Theres solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of teachers. The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact.
Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and its as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.
The study found that strong teachers in the fourth through eighth grades raised the skills of their students in ways that would last for decades. Just having a strong teacher for one elementary year left pupils a bit less likely to become mothers as teenagers, a bit more likely to go to college and earning more money at age 28.
How does one figure out who is a weak teacher? Yes, thats a challenge. But researchers are improving systems to measure a teachers performance throughout the year, and, with three years of data, ifs usually possible to tell which teachers are failing.
Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring. Thats an insult to students.
Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers. This isnt a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses. The central figures in the Chicago schools strike are neither strikers nor managers but 350,000 children. Protecting the union demand sacrifices those students, in effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system.
51. What do we learn about Americas education system?
A) It provides a ladder of opportunity for the wealthy. B) It contributes little to the elimination of inequality.
C) It has remained basically unchanged for generations. D) It has brought up generations of responsible citizens.
52. What is chiefly responsible for the undesirable performance of inner-city schools? A) Unqualified teachers. C) Unfavorable learning environment.
B) Lack of financial resources. D) Subconscious racial discrimination. 53. What does the author think the union should do to win popular support?
A) Assist the city government in reforming schools. C) Demand higher pay for teachers.
B) Give constructive advice to inner-city schools. D) Help teachers improve teaching.
54. What is the finding of the gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars?
A) Many inner-city school teachers are not equal to their jobs.
B) A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes.
C) Many students are dissatisfied with their teachers.
D) Student performance has a lot to do with teachers.
55. Why does the author say the Chicago unions demand is an insult to students?
A) It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students. B) It underestimates students, ability to tell good teachers from poor ones.
C) It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways.
D) It totally ignores students，initiative in the learning process.
閱讀參考答案
26 [N]空格前的 of 表明此處應填入動名詞，與介詞 on 搭配。空格后的 roller-skates 指“溜冰鞋”，詞庫的動名詞中，strapping 可與 on 搭配，后接表示鞋子的賓語，意為“用帶子系上(鞋子)”，符合此處語境。
27[I]此處需填入修飾 attitude 的詞，由 a 可知需填入的單詞是輔音字母開頭的。上文提到“你”喜歡溜旱冰，穿上鞋子就微笑。“你”同樣知道溜旱冰是很好的運動，因此這種態度是積極正面的，故填入 positive “積極的”。
28[D]此處應填入謂語動詞，由主語 description 可知是第三人稱單數形式。文章開頭的 Lets say...表明第一段對溜旱冰的描繪是舉例，因此此處符合語義邏輯的是
illustrates“說明，闡明”，該處句子的意思是“對溜旱冰的描述說明了態度有三個組成部分”。 29[C]此處應填入謂語動詞，由主語 feelings 可知是動詞原形。本句要說明態度的第一個部分 affect “情感”，主語 these feelings 指的是對溜旱冰這項活動的喜愛之情，
highlight “強調，突出”與賓語 the affective or emotional component“情感或感情部分”搭配合理。而 prevail“流行，盛行;獲勝”是不及物動詞,prompt “推動;提示”在語義上也不合邏輯。
30[B]空格在名詞 health 之后，可能填入副詞或名詞。因為空格后的 that the activity can bring“這項活動可以帶來的”是定語從句，故應填入名詞，充當從句先行詞。第一段提到“你”知道溜旱冰是極好的運動(excellent exercise)，因此本句填入語義相關的 benefits “好處”。
31[L]此處應填入謂語動詞，構成～sb. to do sth.結構，主語 attitudes 表明該詞是原形。符合要求的是 prompt “促使”，句子意思是“我們的態度促使我們去外面享受溜旱冰的樂趣”。
32 [E]空格前的 the 表明此處應填入名詞，空格后 that 引導的是同位語從句，意為“這三個組成部分總是協調統一的”。impression“印象”符合上下文語義，指“我們不想給你留下這種印象”,呼應后文“它們并不是”。
33[H]空格在 work together 之后，故應填入副詞。perfectly“完美地”符合語境，指這三個部分配合完美。上下文沒有表示動作先后的描述，故 primarily“主要地，首先”不對。 34 [A]由 or 可知此處應填入與 eating 并列的動名詞，意思上表示相反的情況，因此 avoiding“避免”正確，指“吃比薩還是不吃”。
35[J]空格前的 may 表明此處應填入動詞原形，且是不及物動詞。上一句提到情感部分可能更強的情形(probably will be stronger)，本句指認知部分更強的情況，故填入與 be stronger 近義的 prevail“獲勝”。
36 [I]【譯文】如今很多符合資格的年輕選民對地方選舉或者全國大選不感興趣。
【定位解析】根據 eligible for voting 和 national elections 查找到 I 段最后一句，該句提到最年輕的(18 至 24 歲)合格選民的投票率非常低。即使是全國大選，他們之中也只有稍多于四分之一的人會去投票。題目的 young people eligible for voting 對應原文中的 youngest eligible voters,而 national elections 則為文中原詞復現,故本題答案為 I 段。
37[B]【譯文】父母擔心自己的孩子在步入青少年時期后會卷入刑事犯罪中。
【定位解析】根據 concerned, criminal offences 以及 reach their teens,可查找到 B 段最后兩句。這兩句提到在跟年輕人有關的電視新聞畫面中，有 20%與刑事案件有關，父母總是擔心自己的.小孩到了青春叛逆期會變得難以管控，題目是該處原文的同義表達。本題中的 criminal offences 對應原文的 criminal justice system, concern 對應原文的 worry，而 once they reach their teens 則是 once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence 的同義轉述，故本題答案為 B 段。
38 [F]【譯文】即使在上世紀動蕩不安的年代里，年輕人的反叛也經常被媒體描述得太夸張。
【定位解析】根據 youth rebellion 和 exaggerated 可查找到 F 段第 3 句。該句提到，即使在當時，所謂的“大規模的年輕人叛逆”也被媒體報道夸大了。本題的 exaggerated 是原文 overdone 的同義表達(overdo 意為“對……過于夸張”),youth rebellion 則為原詞復現，所以 F 段為正確答案。
39[D]【譯文】現在的青少年經常在一些重要的事情上，比如說選擇職業時，征求父母的建議。
【定位解析】根據題目中的 turn to their parents for advice 和 career choice 可查找到 D 段第 3 句。該句提到，現在的青少年很欽佩他們的父母，也很樂于在一些重大的事情上，比如在選擇職業時，接受父母的引導。題目是該處原文的同義表述，turn to their parents for advice 對應原文的 welcome parental guidance,而 career choice 為原詞復現，故本題答案為 D 段。
40 [C]【譯文】青少年犯罪和品行不端的現象正在減少。
【定位解析】根據題目中的 teenage crime 和 decreasing 查找到 C 段第 3 句。該句提到，犯罪、藥物濫用和婚前性行為這些現象在青少年群體中普遍都有所減少。本題中的 decreasing 是原文 in general decline 的同義轉述，misbehavior 是對原文 drug abuse and premarital sex 的概括，而 teenage crime 為原詞復現，題目正是對該句原文的同義表述，所以 C 段為正確答案。
41[K]【譯文】年輕人要有崇高的理想，要力爭成為領導者。
【定位解析】根據 lofty ideals 和 leaders,查找到 K 段第 2 句。該句指出，年輕人也應當要有一些崇高的目標，包括愿意為這個更廣大的社會做出貢獻、熱愛國家、心懷成為未來領導者的遠大抱負。題目中的 lofty ideals 是原文 noble purposes 的同義轉述，strive to be leaders 對應文中的 make their own leadership contributions，故 K 段為正確答案。
42 [A]【譯文】有些年輕人會把某些東西藏起來不讓父母發現。
【定位解析】根據 keep some to themselves 查找到 A 段末句。該句指出，雖然有超過三分之一的青少年會在房間里藏一些不想讓父母發現的東西，但也不過就是些低俗的刊物或者 CD 罷了。題目中的 keep some to themselves 是對原文 keep secret from their parents 的同義轉述，故選 A 段。
43 [L]【譯文】鼓勵年輕人探索更廣闊的世界并為將世界變得更美好而做好準備，這是有益的。
【定位解析】根據題目中的 encourage、explore、world 可查找到 L 段的最后一句。該句指出，鼓勵年輕人探索超越直接經驗的世界，讓他們為改變世界而做好準備，我們會有無窮的收獲。題目中的 It is beneficial 是對文中 We have everything to gain 的同義轉述，explore the broader world 和原文中的 explore the world beyond their immediate experience 對應，make it a better world 即原文中的 shaping that world，故正確答案為 L 段。
44 [E]【譯文】現在很多青少年都會為需要幫助的人提供服務。
【定位解析】根據 service 和 the needy 查找到 E 段第 2 句。該句指出，很多青少年都會自愿參加幫助弱勢群體的社區服務。題目中的 the needy 是原文 disadvantaged people 的同義替換，故答案為 E 段。
45[J]【譯文】采訪發現，學生基本都只關注自己的事。
【定位解析】根據題目中的 Interviews 和 personal matters 查找到 J 段第 4 句。J 段講到被采訪的學生的反饋，當被問及想有什么改變時，學生們都只提到了跟自身有關的事，即只關注自己的事。題目正是對此處的同義概括，personal matters 是原文 personal concerns 的同義表達，故正確答案為 J 段。
46 [C]【定位】根據題干中的 the revised “Green Guides”定位至第 2 段。
【解析】本題問“綠色指南”修訂版要求商家怎么做。第 2 段首句指出聯邦貿易委員會警告商家不得使用諸如“生態友好的”之類表達寬泛的標簽。第 2 句指出商家須具體怎么做,包括要證明其產品包裝上的描述屬實、明確具體的益處。C 項“具體說明其產品為何是綠色的”與原文吻合，其中 Specify 為原文中 specific 的同義表達，故選 C 項。
【干擾項排除】A 項“制造盡可能多的綠色產品”并非聯邦貿易委員會的要求。聯邦貿易委員會要求商家使其產品的益處具體化，如寫明產品中有多少可回收成分，而非 B 項“指出其產品是否可回收”。文章并未提及 D 項“所有產品貼上綠色標簽”。
47 [D]【定位】根據題干中的 an explosion of green claims 定位至第 6 段。
【解析】本題問作者對于消費者在面對綠色環保宣傳泛濫時的表現有何看法。第 6 段首句指出在過去 5 年左右的時間里，聲稱綠色環保的宣傳呈爆發狀態。第 2 句指出消費者并不總是了解他們要購買的產品。D 項“他們并不清楚哪種產品才是真正綠色環保的”與原文相符，故為答案。
【干擾項排除】A 項“他們能輕易看穿營銷陷阱”與文中說的“消費者不總是了解”不符。上文雖提到消費者選購產品時會覺得迷惑，但不能由此得出 B 項“他們必須花費大量時間來挑選產品”。文中有兩處提到“綠色認證”，其一是莊臣公司遭到集體訴訟的事例，但并未提及“集體訴訟”是消費者發起的，故不能得出 C 項“他們對當前的綠色認證存在疑慮”。
48 [C]【定位】根據題干中的 SC Johnson 和 the class-action lawsuits 定位至第 7 段第 2 句。
【解析】本題詢問在集體訴訟案中，莊臣公司被指控的罪名是什么。第 7 段第 2 句指出，2008 到 2009 年間，莊臣公司遭到集體訴訟，被指在其清潔產品上使用“綠色清單”標簽。第 3 句指出訴訟認為該標簽具有誤導性，原因是“會使消費者誤認為該產品已通過第三方認證”。C 項“它誤導消費者相信他們的產品已獲得第三方認證”與原文意思一致，其中 misled 對應原文的 misleading,故 C 項為答案。
【干擾項排除】A 項“它讓消費者認為其所有產品都是真正的綠色產品”，涉案的只是莊臣公司的清潔產品，并未說是其所有產品，A 項可排除。本文未提及莊臣公司“授權第三方為其產品打上環保標簽”和“銷售不在官方綠色清單中的清潔產品”，故 B、D 兩項也可排除。 49[A]【定位】根據題干中的 Christopher Beard 定位至第 8 段。
【解析】本題詢問 Christopher Beard 如何為該公司的標簽行為作辯解。本段講到
Christopher Beard 對本公司在綠色清單體系所取得的成就感到驕傲，并且相信他們能在這些“集體訴訟”案子里勝出，然而他也承認這個(綠色標簽)領域很難規范、指引。由此可知，Christopher Beard 認為那時候在綠色標簽事項上沒有明確的指導方針，剛好對應文章開頭說的如今美國聯邦貿易委員會關于綠色標簽的提議，因此 A 項為答案。
【干擾項排除】雖然使用生態環保標簽是市場風行的做法，但是無法確定給產品加上自己公司的認證這一做法是否普遍，而且 C 項“符合市場的普遍做法”也不是 Christopher Beard 的辯護觀點，故不選。文章未提及 B 項“其公司產品廣為公眾接受”和 D 項“法律不要求第三方認證”，也可排除。
50[B]【定位】根據題干直接定位至第 11 段第 2 句。
【解析】本題詢問凱文?威廉引用的 Wild West 所指的意義。第 11 段第 2 句先指出當前綠色認證的亂象猶如往昔的“西大荒”，隨后指出具體亂在哪些方面：人人都可以宣稱自己是環保的，與歷史上美國西部拓荒時期的無政府混亂狀態如出一轍，因此 B 項“每家公司在綠色標簽這方面都有自己的做法”與該句表述相符，為本題答案。
【干擾項排除】文章指出各公司競相推出各自的綠色環保宣傳或廣告，而非“競相生產綠色產品”，故排除 A 項。C 項“消費者對有綠色標簽的產品很狂熱”、D 項“西部地區所生產的任何產品都可以標記為綠色產品”曲解了 “the Wild West”中 wild 和 west 的意義。
51[B]【定位】根據題干中的 Americas education system 定位至第 1 段。
【解析】本題詢問文章對美國教育系統的評價。文章首段即明確指出作者的觀點：美國的教育系統不再是通往機遇的階梯，已然成為將不平等代代相傳的體系。可見作者認為教育原本具有的消除不平等的功能已不存在，B 項“對消除不平等毫無作用”為答案。
【干擾項排除】第 1 句指出美國的教育系統不再是通往機遇的階梯，但并非變成了“為富人提供通往機遇的階梯”，故排除 A 項。后半句指出教育系統變成了將不平等代代相傳的體系，并不是指教育系統不變，C 項“幾代人以來基本上保持不變”曲解其意，故排除;文章未提及教育體系具有 D 項“將幾代人培養成有責任感的公民”的功能，也可排除。 52 [B]【定位】根據題干中的 inner-city schools 定位至第 3 段第 1 句。
【解析】本題詢問內城區學校表現不佳的主要原因。第 3 段首句指出，內城區學校表現糟糕的主要原因不是教師工會，而是 poverty(貧窮)。與 poverty 同義的 B 項“缺乏財政來源”為答案。題干中的 is chiefly responsible for 對應原文的 main reason, undesirable performance 對應 do poorly。
【干擾項排除】原文中只是提到主要原因不在于教師工會，而是貧窮，A 項“不合格教師”非主要原因。文章內容未涉及 C 項“不良的學習環境”和 D 項“潛意識的種族歧視”，也可排除。
53[C]【定位】根據題干中的 the union 及題干詢問內容可定位至第 4 段第 1、2 句。
【解析】本題詢問作者的觀點，工會應該如何作為來贏得公眾支持。上段末尾提到工會抵制市長采取的一些措施，本段第 1 句提出了作者的觀點：如果工會只是致力于獲取更高的補償，他會贊同(sympathetic)。第 2 句進一步說明為什么工會應該致力于獲取更高的補償金：只有高薪才能夠吸引優秀人才到貧困地區的學校任教。因此工會應該“為教師爭取更高的報酬”,C 項正確。
【干擾項排除】工會抵制了市長采取的一些措施，A 項“幫助市政府改革學校”可排除。基于本文，教師工會的職能主要是為教師提供保護和爭取福利，不包括 B 項“為內城區學校提供建設性的建議”和 D 項“幫助教師提高教學質量”。
54 [D]【定位】根據題干中的 the gold standard study, Harvard and Columbia University scholars 定位至第 5 段第 2 句。
【解析】本題詢問哈佛大學和哥倫比亞大學的學者開展的金標準研究的結果。因此該句 found 后的賓語從句即為答案：即使是在極度貧困地區的學校，教師也總是會對教育產生巨大的，或積極或消極的影響。因此，D 項“學生的表現與教師密切相關”為答案，體現了教師對教育所產生的影響。題干中的 finding 是原文 found 的詞性轉換。
【干擾項排除】文章中提及部分內城區學校的師資不佳，但并非該研究發現的結果，因此 A 項“很多內城區學校的教師無法勝任他們的工作”可排除。文章未提及內城區學校學生的行為以及他們對教師的態度，因此 B 項“大部分內城區的孩子經常翹課”和 C 項“很多學生對他們的教師不滿”也可排除。
55 [A]【定位】根據題干中的 Chicago unions, demand 和 an insult to students 定位至最后三段。
【解析】本題詢問為什么說芝加哥工會的要求是對學生的侮辱。第 9 段指出芝加哥工會堅持認為那些被解聘的(通常是不稱職的)教師擁有優先聘用權，作者認為這對學生是個侮辱，第 10 和第 11 段對此作具體解釋，指出不應過度保護這些人的工作權益，一旦滿足工會要求、保護這些人的權益，學生的權益就會被犧牲掉。因此 A 項“以犧牲學生為代價保護不稱職的教師”為答案，at the expense of 是原文中 sacrifices 的同義轉換。
【干擾項排除】文章未涉及工會對學生辨別和學習能力的評估，B 項“低估了學生辨別好老師和壞老師的能力”、D 項“完全忽視學生在學習過程中的主動性”均可排除。文章未提及歧視問題，C 項“讓學生感到在多方面遭受歧視”也可排除。
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