陶淵明桃花源記英譯賞析

時(shí)間：2024-09-11 19:12:04 英語筆譯

陶淵明桃花源記英譯賞析

　　桃花源記是我們小學(xué)時(shí)期必背的文言文之一，大家還記得怎么背嗎?下面是小編分享的陶淵明桃花源記英譯賞析。歡迎閱讀!

陶淵明桃花源記英譯賞析

　　桃花源記——陶淵明

　　The Peach Colony

　　(譯者：林語堂)

　　晉太元中，武陵人捕魚為業(yè)，緣溪行，忘路之遠(yuǎn)近。忽逢桃花林，夾岸數(shù)百步，中無雜樹，芳草鮮美，落英繽紛;漁人甚異之。復(fù)前行，欲窮其林。林盡水源，便得一山。山有小口，仿佛若有光，便舍船，從口入。初極狹，才通人;復(fù)行數(shù)十步，豁然開朗。土地平曠，屋舍儼然。有良田美池，桑竹之屬，阡陌交通，雞犬相聞。其中往來種作，男女衣著，悉如外人;黃發(fā)垂髫，并怡然自樂。見漁人，乃大驚，問所從來;具答之。便要還家，設(shè)酒、殺雞、作食。村中聞?dòng)写巳耍虂韱栍崱Ｗ栽疲合仁辣芮貢r(shí)亂，率妻子邑人來此絕境，不復(fù)出焉;遂與外人間隔。問今是何世?乃不知有漢，無論魏、晉!此人一一為具言所聞，皆嘆惋。余人各復(fù)延至其家，皆出酒食，停數(shù)日，辭去。此中人語云：“不足為外人道。”

　　既出，得其船，便扶向路，處處志之。及郡下，詣太守，說如此。太守即遣人隨其往，尋向所志，遂迷不復(fù)得路。南陽劉子驥，高尚士也，聞之，欣然規(guī)往，未果，尋病終。后遂無問津者。

　　During the reign of Taiyuan of Chin, there was a fisherman of Wuling. One day he was walking along a bank. After having gone a certain distance, he suddenly came upon a peach grove which extended along the bank for about a hundred yards. He noticed with surprise that the grove had a magic effect, so singularly free from the usual mingling of brushwood, while the beautifully grassy ground was covered with its rose petals. He went further to explore, and when he came to the end of the grove, he saw a spring which came from a cave in the hill, Having noticed that there seemed to be a weak light in the cave, he tied up his boat and decided to go in and explore. At first the opening was very narrow, barely wide enough for one person to go in. After a dozen steps, it opened into a flood of light. He saw before his eyes a wide, level valley, with houses and fields and farms. There were bamboos and mulberries; farmers were working and dogs and chickens were running about. The dresses of the men and women were like those of the outside world, and the old men and children appeared very happy and contented. They were greatly astonished to see the fisherman and asked him where he had come from. The fisherman told them and was invited to their homes, where wine was served and chicken was killed for dinner to entertain him. The villagers hearing of his coming all came to see him and to talk. They said that their ancestors had come here as refugees to escape from the tyranny of Tsin Shih-huang (builder of Great Wall) some six hundred years ago, and they had never left it. They were thus completely cut off from the world, and asked what was the ruling dynasty now. They had not even heard of the Han Dynasty (two centuries before to two centuries after Christ), not to speak of the Wei (third century A.D.) and the Chin (third and fourth centuries). The fisherman told them, which they heard with great amazement. Many of the other villagers then began to invite him to their homes by turn and feed him dinner and wine.After a few days, he took leave of them and left. The villagers begged him not to tell the people outside about their colony.

　　The man found his boat and came back, marking with signs the route he had followed. He went to the magistrate’s office and told the magistrate about it. The latter sent someone to go with him and find the place. They looked for the signs but got lost and could never find it again. Liu Tsechi of Nanyang was a great idealist. He heard of this story, and planned to go and find it, but was taken ill and died before he could fulfill his wish. Since then, no one has gone in search of this place.

　　【譯文】

　　東晉太元年間，有一個(gè)武陵人以捕魚為業(yè)，一天他沿著溪流劃船前行，竟然忘掉了路的遠(yuǎn)近。忽然遇到一片桃花林，夾著溪水兩岸有數(shù)百步之長，其中沒有其他樹木，地上的芳草鮮嫩優(yōu)美，遍地是掉落的桃花瓣;漁人覺得十分驚奇。又繼續(xù)向前走，想走完這片桃花林。

　　桃花林的盡頭就是溪水的發(fā)源地，走到那里便發(fā)現(xiàn)有一座山。山有一個(gè)小的洞口，洞口好象有亮光;漁人就離開小船從洞口進(jìn)去。剛進(jìn)去時(shí)洞很狹窄，僅能容得一個(gè)人通過;又朝前走了幾十步，突然開闊明亮起來。里面土地平坦開闊，房屋排列整齊，有肥沃的田地，美麗的池塘及桑樹、翠竹一類東西;田間道路交錯(cuò)相通，彼此可以聽到雞鳴狗叫的聲音。桃花源中的人往來、耕種、勞作，以及男女穿的衣服，都同外面的人一模一樣;老老少少都很安適快樂。他們看到漁人以后，大為驚異;問他從什么地方來，漁人全都作了回答。他們就邀請(qǐng)漁人到家里去，備酒殺雞熱情款待。村民聽說來了這樣一個(gè)人，都來探問外界消息。他們說自己的祖先為了躲避秦時(shí)的戰(zhàn)亂，帶領(lǐng)妻子小孩和同鄉(xiāng)人來到這個(gè)與外界隔絕的地方，從此以后不再出去;于是就跟外界隔絕了。又問漁人現(xiàn)在是什么朝代，他們竟不知道有漢朝，更不要說魏朝和晉朝了。漁人就詳盡地講了自己所知道的事情，他們都十分感嘆。其他的人也都邀請(qǐng)漁人到自己家里，拿出酒食來款待。住了幾天，漁人要告辭回去，桃花源中的人對(duì)他說：“這里的事不必對(duì)外人講。”

　　漁人出來以后，找到他的船，就沿著老路回去，一處處都做了標(biāo)記。到了郡城，就往見太守說了自己進(jìn)入桃花源的經(jīng)過。太守立即派人跟隨漁人前去，尋找先前所做的標(biāo)記，結(jié)果竟然迷失方向沒有能夠找到原來的道路。南陽的劉子驥，是個(gè)高尚的隱士，聽到這件事情，就高興地計(jì)劃前去探訪。但沒有能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，不久就生病死了。以后就再也沒有去尋找的人了。

　　【賞析】

　　文章開端，先以美好閑靜、“芳草鮮美，落英繽紛”的桃花林作為鋪墊，引出一個(gè)質(zhì)樸自然的化外世界。在那里，一切都是那么單純，那么美好，沒有稅賦，沒有戰(zhàn)亂，沒有沽名釣譽(yù)，也沒有勾心斗角。甚至連一點(diǎn)吵吵嚷嚷的聲音都聽不到。人與人之間的關(guān)系也是那么平和，那么誠懇。造成這一切的原因，作者沒有明說，但從“乃不知有漢，無論魏晉”一句中已隱約透露了消息：原來歸根結(jié)底，是因?yàn)闆]有一個(gè)高踞人民頭上為私利互相攻伐的統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)。這個(gè)幻想中的桃源世界，對(duì)生活在虛偽黑暗、戰(zhàn)亂頻繁、流血不斷的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的人們來說，無疑是令人神往的。作者的簡(jiǎn)凈筆觸，恰如其分地表現(xiàn)出桃花源的氣氛，使文章更富有感染力。當(dāng)然，這種理想的境界在當(dāng)時(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)中是不存在的，只是作者通過對(duì)大同社會(huì)的構(gòu)想，藝術(shù)地展現(xiàn)了大同社會(huì)的風(fēng)貌，是不滿黑暗現(xiàn)實(shí)的一種精神寄托，表現(xiàn)了作者對(duì)理想社會(huì)的憧憬以及對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)的不滿。

　　桃花源中的家庭多為主干家庭(三代同堂)，從“其中往來種作，男女衣著，悉如外人。黃發(fā)垂髫，并怡然自樂。”從“男女”、“黃發(fā)”、“垂髫”這三個(gè)詞便可以看出此點(diǎn)。

　　文章的結(jié)構(gòu)也頗有巧妙之處。作者借用小說筆法，以一個(gè)捕漁人的經(jīng)歷為線索展開故事。開頭的交代，時(shí)代、漁人的籍貫，都寫得十分肯定，似乎真有其事。這就縮短了讀者與作品的心理距離，把讀者從現(xiàn)實(shí)世界引入到迷離惝恍的桃花源。相反，如果一開頭就是“山在虛無縹緲間”，讀者就會(huì)感到隔遠(yuǎn)，作品的感染力也就會(huì)大打折扣。“不足為外人道也”及漁人返尋所志，迷不得路，使讀者從這朦朧飄忽的化外世界退回到現(xiàn)實(shí)世界，心中依舊充滿了對(duì)它的依戀。文末南陽劉子驥規(guī)往不果一筆，又使全文有余意不窮之趣。

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