2016年下半年公共英語一級基礎閱讀練習題匯總
下面是關于2016年下半年公共英語一級基礎閱讀練習題，希望對備考下半年公共英語一級的同學有用。
練習一：On the President‘s Program
President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits， research grants， education reforms， and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment， lack of growth， and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
The most liberal wing of the President‘s party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.
The Republicans， however， decry even the modest， graduated tax increases in the President‘s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy， let it through defence spending.
Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances， then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this， no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest， that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.
So the crux is the technology and that is where the President‘s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed， it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now， we may not get a second chance.
1. The focus of the President‘s program is on
[A]investment.
[B]economy.
[C]technology.
[D]tax.
2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?
[A]They want a more direct action.
[B]They want an incomes policy to check inflation.
[C]They want to rebuild industry.
[D]They want a wall of protective tariffs.
3. What is the editor‘s attitude?
[A]support.
[B]distaste.
[C]Disapproval.
[D]Compromise.
4. The danger to the plan lies in
[A]the two parties‘ objection.
[B]different idea of the two parties about the plan.
[C]its passage.
[D]distortion.
5. The passage is
[A]a review.
[B]a preface.
[C]a advertisement.
[D]an editorial.
Vocabulary
1.reverse逆轉
2.slide滑坡
3.plague瘟疫;折磨，困擾
4.tariff 關稅
5.decry 譴責，詆毀
6.lever 杠桿;用杠桿撬動
7.crux癥結
8.ideologue空想家，思想家
9.intact原封不動的，完整無損的
10.investment credit投資信貸
11.research grant研究基金
難句譯注
1.This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment， lack of growth， and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years
答案詳解
1. C 工藝技術。最后一段第一句“問題的癥結就在于工藝技術，這就是總統計劃的要點所在。”第四段：“對掌握新技術的人來說，新技術使他們大大增產，而新技術對不能掌握它的人來說，在世界經濟中他們面臨淪為永久性的二等公民的危險。如果不能做到這一點，那么任何政府保護主義，進入國際市場都不能有效地競爭。如果不能有技術優勢的利潤和經驗再投資，工業只能進一步落后于國外競爭對手。”這些都說明總統計劃的重點再工藝技術。
A.投資。
D.稅收。只是總統計劃的涉及面。
B.經濟。太籠統了。
2. A 更直接行動。第二段“總統的黨內幾段自由翼要求更強硬、更直接行動。他們要求用收入(稅收)政策來制止通貨膨脹;聯邦財政在關稅保護下，幫助重建工業。”
B.他們需要制止通貨膨脹。C.重建工業。D.保護關稅墻。都只是他們要求中的不分內容，不完整。
3. A 支持。第四、五段集中了評論者的觀點，支持的理由和論點。
B.厭惡。
C.不贊成。
D.調和妥協。
4. D 歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危險不在于計劃將不被通過，而在于左和右的思想理論家們用修正案來歪曲提案，使計劃要點蒙塵模糊不清，經濟重建計劃應原封不動地通過。”這是作者的態度，也是他所擔心之處。
A.兩黨的反對。
B.兩黨對計劃的不同看法。
C.它的通過。
練習二：Mules
Although the top men in smuggling business must work together， most of a syndicate‘s small fry， especially the mules， know only their immediate contacts.If caught there is little they can give away.A mule probably will not even know the name of the person who gives him his instructions， nor how to get in touch with him.Usually he even does not know the person to whom he has to make delivery.He will be told just to sit tight in a certain hotel or bar until someone contacts him.In this way if he is blown， coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain.All the persons at the receiving end do is to hang around the airport among the waiting crowd， and see that the mule comes through safely.If he does not， he is dimply written off as a loss.To make identification of mules easier， several syndicates have devised their own “club ties” so that a mule wearing one can immediately be picked out.
Mules often receive careful training before embarking on their first journey.One Beirut organization， for example， uses a room with three airline seats in it.There the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes， so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way， and without revealing what they are carrying.An outfit in Brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning.More often than not a courier will not know precisely where he is going or what flight number is until he is actually handed his tickets at the airport.This prevents the careless boast in some bar or to a girl friend the night before.
Mules occasionally run off with the goods to keep the profit themselves.As insurance against this， a syndicate often sends a high-up on the same plane to keep a wary eye on couriers， particularly new ones.Even then things can go badly wrong.One international currency smuggler who was having trouble getting money out of Britain was offered help by a group of men who said they were in a position to “fix thing” - for a fee of course.Foolishly， the smuggler agreed to accept their help.When he got to London‘s Heathrow Airport， he handed over to one of the men a black suitcase containing nearly $90，000 in cash， destined for Frankfurt.Just to keep an eye on things， the smuggler went along on the same plane.When they landed at Frankfurt he was handed back his suitcase.He beat a straight path to the men’s toilet， opened the case， and found only old clothes. The courier had switched suitcase en route， but the smuggler could hardly run to the police and complain that “the man who was smuggling money out of England for me has stolen it.”
1.What is a “mule”?
[A]A person who sends smuggling goods for a syndicate is called mule.
[B]A person in charge of smuggling goods is called mule.
[C]A person who makes delivery for a syndicate is called mule.
[D]A person who receives instructions from a smuggler is called mule.
2.The sentence “if he is blown” in line (6) is closest in meaning to
[A]if he is arrested.
[B]if he is recognized， but not necessarily arrested.
[C]if he is recognized and arrested.
[D]if he runs away.
3.Why does the author give an example in the last paragraph?
[A]To show how a smuggler is caught.
[B]To show a smuggler is afraid of the police.
[C]To show to keep a wary eye on couriers is useless.
[D]To show mules may keep the profit for themselves.
4.how does a mule work?
[A]Jointly.
[B]Independently.
[C]consciously.
[D]Separately.
Vocabulary
1.fry 小魚群，小生物群。這里的small fry是指辛迪加之子公司，小私運集團或私運者
2.sit tight 穩坐不動，堅持下去，這里指一直坐等著，等到有人來和他聯系。
3.blown 欠賬的，被炸毀的。這里指私運分子“出事”
4.write off 銷賬，被勾銷的項目。這里指把出事的騾子從名單上勾掉。
5.written off as a loss 作為損失銷賬。
6.embark (on) 開始搞，從事，上船。
7.grip 緊握
8.high up 高處，這里指高一級私運人
9.fix thing 這里指“擺平事情”，解決問題
10.beat 踏上
11.switch 轉變，調換
答案詳解
1.C mule，騾子是為私運集團交貨人的稱呼，綽號。
A. 是為私運集團具體運送私運貨物的人。只運送，不交貨不能成為騾子。
B.負責私運貨物的人。也不對，負責者不一定運送和交貨。
D.從私運者那里接受指示的人。更不對。
2.B blown原義為：欠賬了的，被炸毀的，壞了等。這里指：私運分子在過海關，機場檢查處出事，不一定被逮捕。
A.逮捕。
C.認出，逮捕。
D.逃跑。都不符合blown原義。
3.D 說明私運分子會把利益歸己。最后一段第一句“有時，私運分子帶著貨物逃跑，把利益歸己”。私運集團為防范此事，常常派遣高級人物監視私運人，特別是新私運者，也于事無補。這段的具體例子：“私運者和委托人同機飛行，到法蘭克福機場，9萬美金也是不翼而飛，私運者已經撈到手。”就是說明私運者可以為自己留下財路。
A.私運者被捕之事，例子中沒有提及。
B.私運者不去警察局報案，并不易定是害怕警察局，而是報不了。
C.監督毫無用處。是副線。
4.D 單個干。這在第一段一開始就點明：“私運商的上層人物(頭面人物)必須一起工作，而大多數辛迪加的小組織，特別是私運分子，他們只知道他們的直接聯系人。一旦他們被逮捕，就沒有什么可以出賣的。一個騾子甚至連給他指示的人的姓名都不知道，也不知道如何和此人聯系”。
A.共同干。
B.獨立干，私運分子不是獨立，大多數是在監督之下。
C.有意識地干，上下都是有意識地干。
練習三：Contribution of Coeducation
Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you， you wouldn’t be too happy about it， to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children - conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute!
Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of educations is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women， so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.
A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other， to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability， athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is ( to give just a small example ) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa. When segregated， boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a coeducational school， everything falls into its proper place.
But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures - airy goddesses， more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale， than human beings. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There are no goddesses with freckles， pigtails， piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees， dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educational system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school， they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
[A] only co-education can be in harmony with society.
[B] people are in great need of co-education.
[C] any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.
[D] co-education has many features.
2. what does co-education offer to children?
[A] A society.
[B] A true small model of society.
[C] A real life.
[D] True version of social condition.
3. According to the passage， what is one of the chief aims of education?
[A] It is for students to acquire knowledge.
[B] It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.
[C] It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.
[D] It is for students to get academic achievements.
4. Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?
[A] They live together and know each other too well.
[B] Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion.
[C] co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.
[D] They are familiar with each other’s problems.
Vocabulary
1. to be in for = receive 接受
He is in for punishment. 他受到懲罰。
2. miniature 縮樣，雛形，微型畫
3. freckle 雀斑
4. pigtail 鞭子
5. knobbly = knobby 多節的
6. unkempt 亂七八糟，蓬亂的
7. sharp focus = clear view
bring into focus 使集中在焦點上，對光
bring into sharp focus 這里的意義是：一目了然，明顯突出
8. deviation 越軌，偏離，入歧途
答案詳解
1. C 除了男女合校，其他形式的教育簡直難以想象。答案見第一段“設想請你在一個只有你一樣性別的人存在的社會生活12年光景，你會如何反應呢?除非你本人確實有毛病，否則，你至少不會太高興。因此，世界上有那么多的父母愿意把這種不正常的環境(他們自己一分鐘都受不了的環境)強加給他們的孩子們，這太令人驚訝!”第二段講“教育的目的之一就是為未來的公民在成人社會中找一席之地，準備好需要的一切。而社會由男女組成，那分校又怎能準備?”后兩段講合校之優點，分校之缺點，具體對比突出主題。這都說明C 最合適。
A. 只有合校才能和社會相協調。
D. 合校有許多特點。這兩項文章內容涉及到，但作為最佳標題則不確切。
B. 人們非常需要合校。文內沒有直接談到。
2. B 一個真實社會的縮影。這在第三段第一句“男女合校確實能給孩子們提供一個社會真實的縮影。”下面的內容都是圍繞這個主題而寫的具體情況。如：生活在一起，彼此了解，對比等。
A. 社會。
C. 一種真實的生活。
D. 真實的社會情況。都沒有B項那樣確切。
3. C 為未來公民在社會上擁有一席之地，準備好所需要的一切。這在第二段“這個話題的討論必然會引出教育目的的問題。把各種知識塞進孩子頭腦遠不是教育主要的目的，教育的主要目的之一是為未來公民在成人社會求得一席之地，準備好所需一切。”
A. 學生學到只是。
B. 以科技武裝未來公民。
C.為學生缺德學術成就。都只是知識學習的一個部分。
4.B 幾年學校共同生活打消了幻想。答案在第四段中，“在學校中，幾年生活在一起消除這一類的幻想。沒有什么臉上有雀斑，梳著鞭子，涂著指甲，尖的噪音的女神，也沒有膝部有疙瘩，指甲臟兮兮，頭發亂蓬蓬的浪漫英雄。棘手的青春期明顯呈現出來的成長過程中身體上和感情上的問題，在男女合校環境中得到很好的解決。”
A. 他們生活在一起，彼此太了解。此答案太過，不是太了解而不產生幻想，而是了解情況;真人就在眼前，人就實際了，消除了幻想。
C. 合校鼓勵他們對生活有一種健康積極的態度。這是合校的大方向，不是消除幻想的根本原因。
D. 他們熟悉彼此的問題。不全是消除幻想之因，而是處理問題的前奏。這在最后一段最后兩句話有說明“當學生離校的時刻來到時，他們已是很有適應性的成人，為進入社會做好了充分準備。他們已有幾年處理面臨男女的許多問題的經驗。”
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